论文部分内容阅读
我国是世界第一的冶金大国,钢铁产量、有色金属产量均居世界第一,钢铁产量占世界钢铁总产量的三分之一还多。说起冶金工程,在我国可以追溯到商周时期的青铜器时代。那时,丰富的冶铜技术就成为了中国冶金工业的源头,并迅速把整个青铜技术推到更高的阶段,建立了世界上最为光辉灿烂的“青铜文明”。之后,我国的冶金技术在世界上又率先取得了突破:在漫长的冶炼过程中,人们逐渐掌握了金属冶炼所需要的高温技术和较高水平的冶金处理技术,如柔化处理技术、炒钢技术、百炼钢技术、灌钢技术等。公元十五世纪,在明代中叶我国已开始大量生产金属锌。在宋应星的《天工开物·五金》中,有关于密封加热冶炼“倭铅”(即锌)方法的记载。明代的钱币“永乐通宝”也具有较高的含锌量。而欧洲到了十八世纪才开始冶炼锌。此外,宋应星的《天工开物》记载了我国古代冶金技术的许多成就,如冶炼生铁和熟铁的连续生产工艺,退火、正火、淬火等钢铁热处理工艺等。
China is the largest metallurgical power in the world. Its output of steel and non-ferrous metal rank first in the world. Its output in steel accounts for more than one-third of the world’s steel output. Speaking of metallurgical engineering, in our country can be traced back to the Shang and Zhou Bronze Age. At that time, rich metallurgical technology became the source of China’s metallurgical industry and quickly pushed the whole bronze technology to a higher stage and established the most glorious “bronze civilization” in the world. After that, the metallurgical technology of our country took the lead in making breakthroughs in the world. In the long process of smelting, people gradually mastered the high-temperature technology required by metal smelting and the higher level of metallurgical processing technologies such as softening treatment technology, Technology, one hundred steelmaking technology, steelmaking technology. In the fifteenth century AD, China began mass metal zinc production in the mid Ming Dynasty. Song Yingxing’s “Heavenly Creations Hardware”, there are sealed heating smelting “Japanese lead ” (ie, zinc) method of record. Ming Dynasty coins “Paradise Tongbao ” also has a high zinc content. In the eighteenth century, Europe began to smelt zinc. In addition, Song Yingxing’s “Heavenly Creations” records many achievements of ancient metallurgy in China, such as the continuous production of smelting pig iron and wrought iron, the heat treatment of steel such as annealing, normalizing and quenching.