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目的评价河南省2009年地方病防治健康教育效果。方法按照《河南省2008年地方病防治项目健康教育技术方案》要求,抽取65个县(市、区)作为项目县,确定目标人群,采用问卷方式进行地方病知识知晓率基线调查,然后在项目县、乡、村中的学校开展健康教育干预活动并评价干预效果。结果全省65个县(市、区)做基线调查小学生6 565人和家庭主妇3 082人;效果评价小学生6 204人,家庭主妇3 044人。干预后,小学生重点地方病防治知识的知晓率从61.1%提高到92.6%(χ2=1 756.08,P<0.01),家庭主妇重点地方病知识的知晓率从65.0%提高到92.1%(χ2=655.90,P<0.01);其中碘缺乏病、饮水型氟中毒、饮水型砷中毒、克山病、大骨节病等防治知识知晓率均有显著提高。结论健康教育对提高病区群众地方病防治知识知晓率效果明显,今后应继续加大健康教育力度,尤其要加强在学校开展地方病防治知识教育工作。
Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on endemic diseases in Henan Province in 2009. Methods According to the requirements of “Enhancing Health Education Technology for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Treatment Project in Henan Province in 2008”, 65 counties (cities and districts) were selected as project counties to determine the target population. A questionnaire survey on the knowledge of endemic diseases was conducted. Schools in townships and villages conducted health education interventions and evaluated intervention effects. Results Sixty-five (656) primary school students and 3 082 housewives were surveyed in 65 counties (cities and districts) in the province. There were 6 204 primary school students and 3044 housewives. After intervention, the awareness rate of key endemic diseases prevention and control knowledge among primary school students increased from 61.1% to 92.6% (χ2 = 1 756.08, P <0.01), and the awareness rate of housewives’ key endemic diseases was increased from 65.0% to 92.1% (χ2 = 655.90, P <0.01). Among them, awareness rate of prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders, drinking water fluorosis, drinking water arsenic poisoning, Keshan disease and Kashin-Beck disease were significantly increased. Conclusions Health education is effective in raising awareness rate of prevention and treatment of endemic diseases in the ward. The health education should be strengthened in the future. In particular, it is necessary to strengthen knowledge education on prevention and treatment of endemic diseases in schools.