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肾毒性抗菌素,主要是指能引起肾脏毒性反应的抗菌素。较常用的有:氨基甙抗菌素、先锋霉素类、二性霉素B、多粘菌素类、磺胺类。临床常用的抗菌药物,很多都是主要经肾脏排泄的,这些药物可由肾小球滤过,肾小管分泌或重吸收,在大量用药过程中,高浓度的抗菌药物就容易对肾脏产生毒性反应,有的在治疗剂量范围内即可引起肾损伤,如氨基甙类抗菌素;有的则在极大剂量或特殊情况下才出现,如服用过期四环素。多数肾毒性反应在停药后是可以恢复的,少数永久性肾损伤的病例,常与用药量过大或治疗过程中对肾功变化注意不够有关。
Nephrotoxic antibiotics, mainly refers to the can cause renal toxicity of antibiotics. More commonly used are: amino glycoside antibiotics, cephalosporins, amphotericin B, polymyxins, sulfonamides. Clinical antibacterial drugs, many of which are mainly excreted by the kidneys, these drugs can be glomerular filtration, tubular secretion or reabsorption, in the course of a large number of medication, high concentrations of antibacterial drugs on the kidneys easy to produce toxic reactions, Some can cause kidney damage within the therapeutic dose range, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics; others appear in very high doses or special circumstances, such as the use of expired tetracycline. Most of the nephrotoxic reaction is recoverable after withdrawal, a small number of cases of permanent kidney injury, often with excessive dosage or treatment of renal function is not enough attention.