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什么是教育的自我?日本一位学者曾以“首要目的”为标准,来区分包括教育活动在内的各种领域的活动。比如,医生给病人诊治,其首要目的是医治病患,因此这种活动属于医疗活动;律师代人打官司,其首要目的是解决法律纠纷,因此这种活动属于律师事务活动;商人做生意,其首要目的是通过某种形式的交换,获得自己的合法利润,因此这种活动属于商业活动。同样,教师及其所属的教育机构对儿童进行教育,其首要目的在于培养、发展儿童,使儿童在教育中得到健康成长,因此这种活动属于教育活动,也就是教育的自我。然而,如果把一些伴随着活动产生的附属目的当作首要目的来追求,活动的性质便从根本上改变了。比如,如果医生给病人看病的首要目的是为了从病人那里获取钱物,那么这种活动很可能就成为一种欺诈活动,甚至会置病人的性命于不顾,医疗成了谋财的手段、害命的借口;如果律师代人打官司的首要目的是想从当事人那里获取丰厚的报酬,那么这种活动有可能就会由律师事务活动变成违法活动,不仅会严重损害委托人的合法权益,还会损害法律的尊严。同样,如果教育者及其教育机构的首要目的是追求经济效益,那么这种活动就无异于商业活动、企业行为了。在这样的追求中,教育的使命便被搁置于附属目的地位,“教育”成了一块招牌,教育的自我便不复存在了。
What is the ego of education? A Japanese scholar once used “primary purpose” as a criterion to distinguish activities in various fields including educational activities. For example, when a doctor treats a patient and its primary purpose is to heal the patient, the activity belongs to the medical activity. The lawyer represents the lawsuit on behalf of the lawyer. The primary purpose of the lawyer is to solve legal disputes. Therefore, such activity belongs to lawyer’s affairs. Its primary purpose is to gain its own legal profits through some form of exchange, and such activities are therefore commercial activities. Similarly, the primary purpose of educating children by teachers and their educational institutions is to nurture and develop children so that they can grow healthy in education. Therefore, such activities belong to educational activities, that is, to educational self. However, the nature of the activity has been fundamentally changed by pursuing some of the accompanying ends that result from the activity as its primary purpose. For example, if the primary purpose of a doctor to see a doctor is to obtain money from a patient, such activity may well be a fraudulent activity that may even neglect the patient’s life and that medical treatment has become a means of making money Life excuse; if lawyers represent the primary purpose of litigation is to get rich remuneration from the parties, then such activities may be turned into illegal activities from lawyers activities, not only will seriously damage the client’s legitimate rights and interests, It will also undermine the dignity of the law. Similarly, if the primary purpose of educators and their educational institutions is to pursue economic benefits, then such activities are tantamount to commercial activity, corporate behavior. In such a quest, the mission of education is shelved in ancillary destinations and “education” has become a signboard, and the ego of education ceases to exist.