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针对K980A空气压缩机在服役时发生曲轴断裂进行了失效分析。在宏观断口分析的基础上，采用金相显微组织分析、机械性能测试、表面形貌分析（SEM）以及材质分析（EDS）等方法分析了压缩机曲轴断裂失效的根本原因。结果表明，K980A曲轴断裂属于高周疲劳断裂，曲轴外表面硬度偏低是疲劳裂纹形成的原因；铸造缺陷以及硅、硫、磷杂质含量偏高，增加了曲轴的脆性，促进了裂纹的扩展。“,”Failure analysis of the K980A air compressor crankshaft when serving was conducted. On the basis of macro-fracture analysis, the fracture cause of crank shaft of air compressor was analyzed by metallographic analysis, mechanical properties, SEM analysis, EDS analysis and other methods. The results showed that the K980A crankshaft fracture belonged to the high cycle fatigue fracture. The low hardness of the surface was the cause that fatigue crack formed. Casting defects and high content of silicon, sulfur, phosphorus increased the brittleness of the crankshaft and promoted the growth of the crack.