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美国宪法中部分条款与环境保护有密切联系:商务条款是联邦政府实施环境管理的依据;平等保护条款在许多环境案件中被原告适用以防止不正当的歧视;征用条款保障私人财产所有者在因政府的环境行为而被征用时获得公正补偿;至高性条款保证联邦的环境管理意图得到贯彻;联邦法院管辖权条款设立了环境案件中建立起诉资格的要求;州权力保留条款要求联邦在实施环境管理权力时尊重州权力;搜查条款、正当程序条款和不得强迫自证其罪条款限制政府的有关环境管理的执行权力。本文对有关宪法条款与环境保护的关系进行介绍和阐述。
Some clauses in the U.S. Constitution are closely linked with environmental protection: the commercial clauses are the basis for the federal government to implement environmental management; the equal protection clauses are applied by the plaintiffs in many environmental cases to prevent unfair discrimination; and the expropriation clauses guarantee the protection of private property owners The government’s environmental behavior was requisitioned fair compensation; supreme provisions to ensure that the federal environmental management intent is implemented; federal court jurisdiction provisions set up the case of environmental litigation eligibility requirements; state power reserve clause requires the federal environmental management in the implementation of Respect for state power while in power; search terms, due process provisions, and non-compulsory self-incrimination provisions limit the government’s enforcement powers over environmental management. This article introduces and expounds the relationship between constitutional provisions and environmental protection.