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为了丰富花生遗传资源,开拓新的育种方法,本研究对离体诱变创造花生新种质、培育花生新品种进行了研究。利用花生品种花育20号胚小叶作为外植体,平阳霉素(PYM)作为诱变剂进行离体诱变培养,然后在含有羟脯氨酸(HYP)的培养基上进行定向筛选,最终获得了15个再生小苗。再生小苗经嫁接移栽田间,从后代中获得了23个高油株系,3个产量显著提高的品系,其中一个高产高油品系2015年通过了安徽省新品种登记鉴定,定名为宇花4号,在参试的品种中名列第一,比对照白沙1016增产16.63%。宇花4号为早熟、小粒、高油花生品种,经农业部油料及制品质量监督检验测试中心(武汉)化验,籽仁含油率达56.10%,达到高油标准,比诱变亲本花育20号(含油率49.50%)高6.6个百分点,荚果产量比花育20号增产15%以上。本研究结果表明,离体诱变结合离体定向筛选是创造花生新种质、培育新品种的有效途径。
In order to enrich the genetic resources of peanut and develop new methods of breeding, this study studied the in vitro mutagenesis to create new peanut germplasm and cultivate new peanut varieties. Embryo leaflets of peanut variety Huayu 20 were used as explants, and PYM was used as a mutagen for in vitro mutagenesis and then targeted screening on medium containing hydroxyproline (HYP). Finally, Got 15 regeneration seedlings. The regenerated seedlings were grafted and transplanted in the field, and 23 high-oil lines and 3 lines with significantly higher yield were obtained from the descendants. One of the high-yield and high-oil lines passed the registration and identification of new varieties in Anhui Province in 2015 and was named as Yuhua 4 Number, ranked first in the varieties tested, yield 16.63% more than the control Baisha 1016. Yuhua No.4 was a precocious, small grain and high oil peanut variety. The oil content and oil content reached 56.10% by the Ministry of Agriculture Oil and Products Quality Supervision and Testing Center (Wuhan), reached the high oil standard, (Oil content 49.50%) 6.6 percentage points higher, pod yield than Huayu 20 more than 15% increase. The results show that in vitro mutagenesis combined with in vitro targeted screening is to create a new germplasm of peanut, an effective way to cultivate new varieties.