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研究根据心土培肥的改土技术要求研制出心土培肥犁,并分别在瘠薄黑土和碳酸盐草甸黑钙土上开展大面积机械改土试验,明确自主研发的心土培肥犁改土后对土壤理化性质影响及对作物产量的效果,为其广泛应用到低产土壤改良提供机械及技术支持。试验设深松、心土培肥和常规对照耕作,采用大田对比方法。研究结果表明:心土培肥和深松在不同类型土壤上对土壤理、化性质,对作物产量及产量性状影响后效不完全一致;心土培肥降低土壤抗剪强度后效明显,碳酸盐草甸黑钙土>10~30 cm土层土壤抗剪强度比对照降低6.65~12.16 k Pa,黑土比对照降低8.20~11.31 k Pa,碳酸盐草甸黑钙土改土后效果明显,黑土改土后效长,心土培肥改土效果优于深松;土壤容质量和硬度趋势同上;心土培肥提高土壤透气系数为2.78~14.28倍,饱和导水率为2.38~11.62倍;深松和心土培肥可提高下层土水分消耗比例,>30~60 cm土层耗水量为心土培肥区>深松区>对照区,心土培肥耗水量比照高10%;心土培肥处理可提高土壤磷含量和供磷强度,>20~30 cm和>30~40 cm土层土壤供磷强度比对照分别提高4.19~5.17倍和4.96~17倍,碳酸盐草甸黑钙土高于黑土;心土培肥可提高玉米产量,碳酸盐草甸黑钙土上心土培肥增产幅度为6.82%~18.01%,黑土增产幅度为6.45%~11.18%,平均增产效果碳酸盐草甸黑钙土>薄层黑土,但黑土持续增产效果好。
According to the soil improvement technology, we developed soil-plow cultivation plows and carried out large-scale mechanical soil improvement experiments on barren black soil and carbonate meadow chernozem soil respectively. The effect of plowing and soil modification on the physical and chemical properties of the soil and its effect on the crop yield provides mechanical and technical support for its wide application to the improvement of low yield soils. Test set subsoong, heart soil fertility and conventional control farming, using field contrast method. The results showed that soil fertility and subsoiling in different soil types were not completely consistent with the effect of soil physical and chemical properties on crop yield and yield traits; Compared with the control, the shear strength of soil in the calcareous soil> 10 ~ 30 cm soil layer decreased by 6.65 ~ 12.16 kPa, the soil black soil decreased by 8.20 ~ 11.31 kPa, The effect of soil improvement was better than that of subsoiling. The trend of soil bulk density and hardness was the same as above. Soil-soil fertilization increased the soil permeability coefficient from 2.78 to 14.28 times and the saturated hydraulic conductivity from 2.38 to 11.62 times ; Subsoiling and heart soil fertilization can increase the proportion of water consumption in the lower soil, water consumption in> 30 ~ 60 cm soil layer is soil-fattening area> subsoiling area> control area, Soil-manure fertilization could increase soil phosphorus content and phosphorus supply, soil phosphorus supply in> 20-30 cm and> 30-40 cm soil layers increased 4.19-5.17 times and 4.96-17 times respectively, and that of carbonate grass Meadow calcareous soil is higher than black soil; heart soil fertilization can increase the yield of maize, calcareous soil calcareous soil carbonate fertilization yield of 6.82% ~ 18.01%, black soil increased Production rate of 6.45% ~ 11.18%, the average yield of carbonate meadow calcite> thin layer of black soil, but black soil continued to increase production.