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目的观察前臂骨间后神经及其拇示指肌支的解剖学特征。方法解剖43具尸体的86侧上肢部桡神经深支及其分支到腕背部,观测骨间后神经的行程与投影及其拇示指肌支起始部位横径、长度和骨性标志线与神经干间夹角关系等参数。结果骨间后神经及其各分支均呈扁薄的窄带状神经束,其主干和多数肌支都走行在前臂后面中2/4段浅、深层肌之间,终末支止于腕背侧的梭形膨大部;主干起始处横径为(3.79±0.64)mm,各分支在起始部的平均横径(除指伸肌支约2.0 mm外)均小于1.0 mm;在旋后位,它呈向桡侧开放的弓形线段投影在肱骨外上髁至尺骨茎突连线的尺侧,半旋前位时则投影于该连线上或其桡侧。结论前臂后面中2/4段是骨间后神经主干及其大多数拇示指肌支在临床上易被损伤、误伤发生的高风险区域。
Objective To observe the anatomic features of the posterior interosseous posterior interosseous nerve and its thumb myopia. Methods The depth and branch of the radial nerve on 86 sides of the upper extremity were dissected from 43 corpses. The distance and projection of the posterior interosseous nerve and the diameter, Drying angle between the parameters. Results The posterior interosseous nerve and its branches showed a thin and narrow narrow band of nerve bundles. The trunk and most of the muscular branches all walked between the shallow and deep muscles in 2/4 segments in the back of the forearm, (3.79 ± 0.64) mm at the beginning of the trunk. The average transverse diameter of the branches at the initial part (except for the extensor digitorum branches about 2.0 mm) were less than 1.0 mm. , Which is projected to the radial side of the arcuate segment projection in the lateral epicondyle to the ulnar styloid junction of the ulnar side, when the anterior half-moon projected on the line or its radial side. Conclusion In the posterior forearm, 2/4 segments are the high risk areas of the posterior interosseous nerve trunk and most of the thumb phalanges which are easy to be injured or injured in clinic.