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在大尺度洪水模拟过程中,建筑物形态分布对洪水演进起着很重要的作用。但是计算网格一般都大于建筑物,很难反映出建筑物对洪水的影响。在以往的研究中,一般采用“等效糙率”来反应建筑物对水流演进的影响。这一处理方法过于简单随意,缺乏理论依据。本文引进了最邻近指数来反映建筑物的分布,研究建筑物的不同分布对水流产生的不同影响,最后得到最邻近指数、弗如德数和水面坡度三者之间的关系,为以后在数学模型中对建筑物分布的处理提供了理论依据和处理方法。
In large-scale flood simulation, the distribution of buildings plays an important role in flood evolution. However, the computational grids are generally larger than the buildings and hardly reflect the impact of the buildings on the floods. In previous studies, “equivalent roughness” was generally used to reflect the impact of buildings on the evolution of water flow. This approach is too simple and arbitrary, lacking in theory. In this paper, the nearest neighbor index is introduced to reflect the distribution of buildings and to study the different effects of different distribution of buildings on water flow. Finally, the relationship between the nearest neighbor index, Freunds number and surface slope is obtained. The model provides a theoretical basis and treatment method for the distribution of buildings.