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1 胰腺的恶性肿瘤胰腺的恶性肿瘤主要分为三类:外分泌腺由来的腺癌,内分泌腺胰岛细胞由来的内分泌肿瘤和间叶组织由来的非上皮性恶性肿瘤,其中90%以上为腺癌,是恶性度高、早期诊断困难、预后不良的难治性癌之一.2 基因异常2.1 K-ras基因 在胰腺癌中,基因突变率最高.大约在90%的胰腺癌中可以检测到点突变,并且80%的点突变集中在第一外显子的第12密码子.突变主要由GGT(Gly)改变为GAT(Asp).K-ras基因突变不仅见于浸润性胰腺腺癌,也见于导管内
1 Malignant tumors of the pancreas The malignant tumors of the pancreas can be divided into three categories: adenocarcinomas derived from exocrine glands, endocrine tumors derived from endocrine pancreatic islet cells, and non-epithelial malignancies derived from mesenchymal tissues, of which more than 90% are adenocarcinomas. It is one of the most intractable cancers with high degree of malignancy, difficult early diagnosis, and poor prognosis. 2. Gene abnormality 2.1 K-ras gene has the highest mutation rate in pancreatic cancer. Point mutation can be detected in about 90% of pancreatic cancer. And 80% of the point mutations were concentrated in the 12th codon of the first exon. Mutations were mainly changed from GGT (Gly) to GAT (Asp). K-ras mutations were not only found in invasive pancreatic adenocarcinoma but also found in catheters. Inside