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65岁以上老人约有五分之一使用利尿剂,因而利尿剂是引起老年人发生副作用最多的药物。每5名应用利尿剂的老人中就有1人发生低钠血症,这一严重副作用可引起衰弱、体位性头晕、低血压,意识模糊、暂时性偏瘫、跌倒及惊厥等。由于老年人肾脏储备功能减退,利尿剂可使肾前性尿毒症增加。利尿剂引起低钾血症有增加心律失常的危险性,但低钾血症能够加重心甙类药物的心脏毒性。缓发的代谢性副作用包括高尿酸血症,本病可导致痛风,尤其女性更为明显。利尿药可提高血清胆固醇浓度,但其作用短暂,尚无证据认为会增加心血管疾病
About one-fifth of people over the age of 65 use diuretics, and diuretics are the drugs that cause the most side-effects in the elderly. One out of every five people who use diuretics has hyponatremia. This serious side effect can cause debilitation, positional dizziness, hypotension, confusion, transient hemiplegia, falls and convulsions. Diuretics can increase prerenal uremia due to diminished renal reserve in the elderly. Diuretics cause hypokalemia increased risk of arrhythmia, but hypokalemia can increase the cardiac glycosides cardiotoxicity. Metabolic side effects of slowing include hyperuricemia, the disease can lead to gout, especially in women is more obvious. Diuretics raise serum cholesterol levels, but their effects are transient and there is no evidence that they increase cardiovascular disease