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目的了解重庆市主城区小学高年级(4～6年级)学生行为问题发生率和特点,并探究其相关影响因素。方法采用横断面调查的方法,应用儿童行为量表(CBCL)(家长版)和自制的一般情况调查问卷,对重庆市主城区3?137名小学高年级学生进行调查与分析。结果本次调查的3?137名小学生中行为问题检出率为27.26%。单因素分析结果显示,小学生行为问题发生在学校类型、所在年级、学生家庭情况、父母管教态度及居住环境等因素水平上检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。逐步回归分析发现,学生所在年级、父亲文化程度、父母健康状态、家庭结构、学习成绩、父母管教方式等因素是影响儿童行为的独立而主要的因素(P<0.05)。结论重庆市主城区高年级小学生行为问题检出率较高,与其家庭情况、父母管教态度、社会环境、学校环境等因素有关。提示重庆市主城区小学生心理健康状况不容乐观,需采取学校、家庭和心理工作者“三位一体”的综合干预措施,以减少儿童行为问题的发生。
Objective To understand the prevalence and characteristics of high school grade (grade 4-6) students’ behavior problems in the main city of Chongqing and to explore the related influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey method was used to investigate and analyze 3? 137 primary high school students in Chongqing’s main urban area using the CBCL (Parent Version) and the self-made general questionnaire. Results The detection rate of behavioral problems among 3 to 137 primary school students in this survey was 27.26%. The results of univariate analysis showed that the prevalence of primary school students behavior problems in school type, grade, student family situation, parental attitude and living environment and other factors at the level of the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Stepwise regression analysis found that factors such as grade, father’s education, parental health status, family structure, academic performance and parental discipline were the independent and major factors affecting children’s behavior (P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of high school grade primary school students in the main urban area of Chongqing is higher than that of their families, parental discipline, social environment and school environment. It indicates that the mental health status of pupils in the main urban area of Chongqing City is not optimistic. It is necessary to adopt comprehensive intervention measures such as school, family and psychological workers “Trinity ” so as to reduce the occurrence of child behavior problems.