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目的 检测microRNA(miRNA或miR)在精神分裂症患者中的异常表达,探究miRNA能否作为精神分裂症的生物标记物.方法 连续入组64例精神分裂症患者和64例配对正常对照,使用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测病例组和对照组血浆10种miRNA(miR-30e、miR-34a、miR-181b、miR-195、miR-346、miR-432、miR-7、miR-132、miR-137 and miR-212)的相对表达水平.结果 病例组血浆miR-30e、miR-181b、miR-346、miR-34a和miR-7表达水平(2.99±1.59,2.29±0.77,4.24±1.51,9.94±1.52,11.08±2.24)较对照组(3.74± 1.28,2.87±0.90,4.65±0.99,10.90±1.99,12.00±1.95)显著上调(P＜0.05 ／ 0.001).ROC曲线分析显示,5种miRNA作为联合生物标记物对精神分裂症具有较高诊断价值(AUC为0.705,敏感度和特异度分别为34.5％和90.2％);Logistic回归分析显示miR-181b具有最高相对危险度(OR=2.483).结论 miR-30e、miR-181b、miR-346、miR-34a和miR-7可能成为精神分裂症的联合生物标记物.“,”Objective To test the microRNAs (miRNA) expression levels in schizophrenia (SZ) patients,in an effort to explore and validate if miRNA can serve as specific SZ biomarkers.Methods A total of 64 SZ patients and 64 healthy controls matched in gender and age with the SZ patients were continuously enrolled for this study.Based on adequate literature survey,10 most reported miRNAs (miR-30e,miR-34a,miR-181b,miR-195,miR-346,miR-432,miR-7,miR-132,miR-212 and miR-137) were selected as target miRNAs for blood-based expression study using quantitative RT-PCR.Results The expression levels of miR-30e,miR-34a,miR-181b,miR-346 and miR-7 in SZ group(2.99±1.59,2.29±0.77,4.24± 1.51,9.94± 1.52,11.08±2.24,respectively)were significantly up-regulated compared with the control group(3.74± 1.28,2.87±0.90,4.65±0.99,10.90± 1.99,12.00± 1.95) (P＜0.05-0.001).ROC curve analysis revealed that these five miRNA,as combined biomarkers,had significantly diagnostic values in differentiating SZ (AUC was 0.705,sensitivity and specificity were 34.5％ and 90.2％ respectively).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that miR-181b had the greatest relative risk for SZ (OR=2.483).Conclusion MiR-30e,miR-34a,miR-181b,miR-346 and miR-7 might serve as specific combined SZ biomarkers for SZ diagnosis.