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Objective:To assess the inhibitory effects of local injection of liposomal adriamycin (LADR) on the proliferation of lymph node metastases in rabbits bearing VX2 carcinoma in the mammary gland.Methods:Thirty female New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 3 groups,with 10 in each.VX2 tumor mass suspensions were injected into the breast tissues of rabbits.Treatment initiated once the axillary lymph node reached 5 mm in the maximum diameter.Group 1 received a sham treatment.Group 2 received a subcutaneous injection of LADR adjacent to tumor.Group 3 received an intravenous injection of free ADR (FADR) at the same dose and concentration to group 2.The breast tumors and axillary lymph nodes were resected after the treatment was repeated 3 times.The tumor and node sizes before and after treatment were measured.PCNA mRNA expressions in breast tumors and axillary nodes were determined using RT-PCR.Results:The mean growth ratios of lymph nodes after treatment were 3.70,1.55,and 2.89,respectively,in groups 1,2,and 3.The slowest node growth was observed in animals of group 2,with significant differences from group 1 (P＜0.001)and group 3 (P=0.002).The relative values of PCNA mRNA expression in lymph nodes were 0.541,0.329,and 0.450,respectively,in groups 1,2,and 3.Group 2 exhibited a significantly reduced PCNA mRNA expression in metastatic lymph node,as compared to group 1 (P＜0.001) and group 3 (P=0.004).Intravenous FADR injection effectively lowered the mRNA expressions of PCNA in breast tumors, which were not apparently altered after local LADR injection.Conclusion:Local injection of LADR holds a strong inhibitory effect on the proliferation of metastatic tumor cells in lymph nodes and appears to be an effective method for the treatment of lymphatic metastases of breast cancer.