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采用数值模拟和实验相结合的方法研究了6061-T6航空铝合金板料经激光喷丸强化后表面形貌、表面粗糙度、表面硬度、残余应力、表面显微组织结构等表面完整性的变化。结果表明:激光喷丸后,试样表面喷丸区域的粗糙度降低;激光喷丸过程中冲击波诱导表面显微组织发生变化,位错密度增加,从而使得硬度增加,表面抗塑性变形能力得到提高;受喷板料正反两面均呈现残余压应力分布,最大残余应力值位于喷丸区域表面,厚度方向残余压应力随深度增加而逐渐减小。数值模拟得到的表面微凹坑截面轮廓及残余应力分布与实验结果相一致,表明可以用数值模拟方法对表面完整性进行预测,为激光喷丸过程参数优化和表面质量有效控制提供依据。
The surface integrity, surface roughness, surface hardness, residual stress and surface microstructure of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheet after laser shot peening were studied by means of numerical simulation and experiments. . The results show that the roughness of shot peening area decreases after laser shot peening. The shock wave induced surface microstructure changes and the dislocation density increases during laser shot peening, which results in the increase of hardness and the improvement of surface resistance to plastic deformation The residual compressive stress distributes on both the front and the back of the blown sheet. The maximum residual stress is located on the surface of the shot peening zone. The residual compressive stress in the thickness direction decreases with the increase of the depth. The surface profile and residual stress distribution of the surface microdimples obtained by numerical simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results. It is shown that the surface integrity can be predicted by numerical simulation and provide the basis for parameter optimization of laser shot peening and effective control of surface quality.