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以大豆油为原料,考察了间歇式反应工艺,旋转锥式反应工艺和精馏反应工艺3种裂解工艺对裂解产物性能的影响,并探讨了多种催化剂的催化裂解效果。结果表明,优选反应条件为:催化剂质量分数5%精馏温度320～350℃,裂解温度460～480℃,滴加速度35 g/h。在碱性催化剂Na2CO3的参与下,利用精馏反应工艺裂解大豆油产物的分子组成得到优化。通过红外光谱、气质联用和凝胶色谱对裂解产物的分析表明,产物具有较低的平均相对分子质量,主要成分为C24以下的烷烃、烯烃、醛、羧酸等。从化学组成及燃料性能来看,裂解产物的性质与石化柴油相近。
Using soybean oil as raw material, the effect of three kinds of pyrolysis processes including batch reaction, rotary cone reaction and rectification reaction on the performance of pyrolysis products was investigated. The catalytic cracking effect of various catalysts was also discussed. The results showed that the optimal reaction conditions were as follows: the mass fraction of the catalyst was 5%, the distillation temperature was 320-350 ℃, the cracking temperature was 460-480 ℃ and the dropping rate was 35 g / h. With the participation of basic catalyst Na2CO3, the molecular composition of the product of soybean oil cracking by the rectification reaction is optimized. The analysis of pyrolysis products by infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gel chromatography showed that the products have lower average relative molecular mass, and the main components are alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and the like below C24. From the chemical composition and fuel properties of view, the nature of cracking products and petrochemical diesel similar.