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粪便好氧堆肥过程中氮元素的损失问题主要是氨气NH3释放,是关乎堆肥产物肥效的重要问题.实验设计小型密闭好氧堆肥反应器,进行了一系列的批实验,研究粪便高温好氧堆肥过程中NH3释放的特性.结果:在高温堆肥时,累积的氨态氮NH3-N的增加主要发生在堆肥第1 d,总量达到约0.81g.NH3-N释放速率呈现出先迅速增加之后迅速减少并接近环境背景的两个阶段.NH3释放与氮的迁移转化密切相关,氮的迁移转化也主要发生在堆肥的第1d.总氮Ntot损失约17%(约0.90g),主要是无机氮Nino的迅速减少(约0.89g),有机氮Norg几乎没变.Nino中的铵态氮NH4+-N(占无机氮94%以上)迅速减少,亚硝态氮NO2--N几乎消失,硝态氮NO3--N增加量与NO2--N减少量持平.物料衡算说明氨气挥发是氮损失的主要原因,且主要集中在堆肥初期.NH3挥发量主要取决于NH4+-N浓度和温度.高温加快了NH4+-N挥发,使得NH3-N释放时间缩短、总量小、较为集中.高温抑制了Norg氨化,减少了NH4+-N的生成,减少了NH3挥发,最终氮的损失减少.研究表明:高温虽然加快了NH3的挥发,但抑制了Norg氨化,使得总的NH4+-N挥发减少,氮的损失减少.NH3挥发是氮损失的主要原因,高温时在堆肥初期(第1d)控制好NH3挥发是控制氮损失的有效阶段1.
The main reason for the loss of nitrogen element in aerobic composting of manure is the release of NH3, which is an important issue related to the compost efficiency.Experimental design of a small closed aerobic composting reactor, a series of batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of high temperature aerobic excrement The results showed that NH 3 -N accumulation increased mainly at the first day of composting and reached 0.81 g at the composting stage.NH 3 -N release rate showed a rapid increase Rapidly reducing and approaching two stages of environmental background.NH3 release is closely related to nitrogen migration and transformation, and nitrogen migration and transformation also occur mainly in the first day of composting.Nitrogen losses of about 17% (about 0.90g), mainly inorganic Nitrogen Nino rapidly decreased (about 0.89g), Norg organic nitrogen had almost no change.Nino NH4 + -N NH4 + -N (accounting for more than 94% inorganic nitrogen) decreased rapidly, nitrite nitrogen NO2 - N almost disappeared, nitrate The increase of NO3 - N in nitrogen is the same as that of NO2 - N. The balance of materials shows that ammonia volatilization is the main reason of nitrogen loss and mainly concentrates in the early stage of composting.NH3 volatilization mainly depends on the NH4 + -N concentration and temperature High temperature accelerates NH4 + -N volatilization, making NH3-N release time shortened The results showed that although high temperature accelerated the NH3 volatilization, it inhibited the ammoniation of Norg, inhibited the formation of NH4 + -N, reduced the NH4 + -N generation, reduced the volatilization of NH3, The total NH4 + -N volatilization decreased and the nitrogen loss decreased.NH3 volatilization was the main reason for nitrogen loss, and the control of NH3 volatilization was the effective stage of nitrogen loss control at high temperature in the early stage of composting (1st day).