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1 引言近年来密码技术的研究有了迅猛的进展。其原因有二:第一,公开密钥密码技术的基本思想除其本身的内容饶有趣味之外,已经产生出了全然新型的应用,其中有些应用与人们之间相互通信的一般常识是完全相反的。第二,各行各业多方面的数据安全,对密码技术的需求急聚增多。简言之,当前的密码技术有了许多真正“积极的”应用;而早期的应用多半是“消积的”,例如:战争期间的秘密通信,犯罪活动等等。另外,随
1 Introduction In recent years, cryptographic research has made rapid progress. There are two reasons for this: First, the basic idea of public-key cryptography has been to create a totally new type of application in addition to its own content, and some common general knowledge that some applications communicate with people is complete The opposite of. Second, the data security in many fields and in all walks of life urgently increases the demand for password technology. In short, there are many real “positive” applications of current cryptographic technologies; while early applications are mostly “consumer products,” such as secret communications during war, criminal activities, and more. In addition, with