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针对工业生产中对控制系统的高可靠性、高可用性以及高安全性的要求,介绍了三重化硬件冗余控制系统。该系统通过对硬件的三重化冗余(Triple Modular Redundancy)和数据的多数表决机制,配合广泛的自诊断功能实现容错。在控制系统出现单点故障时仍可以正常运行,当冗余的三个模块中有两个以上发生故障时,控制系统处于失效-安全状态,有效提高控制系统的可靠性、可用性和安全性。文中以常用的三种三重冗余系统为例,分析了三重冗余系统的工作原理和容错机制,并从冗余表决方式、表决适应机制、数字量表决和模拟量表决四个方面重点讨论了三重冗余控制系统的表决机制。最后讨论了三重冗余系统在未来发展中有待改进的相关问题,对相关研究与开发工作具有一定的参考意义。
Aiming at the requirements of high reliability, high availability and high safety of the control system in industrial production, the redundant control system of triple hardware is introduced. The system is fault tolerant with a wide range of self-diagnostic capabilities through hardware-based Triple Modular Redundancy and data voting mechanisms. The control system can still operate normally when a single point of failure occurs. When more than two redundant three modules fail, the control system is in fail-safe state, which effectively improves the reliability, availability and safety of the control system. Taking the three kinds of triple redundant system as an example, this paper analyzes the working principle and fault tolerance mechanism of the triple redundant system, and focuses on four aspects of redundant voting, voting adaptive mechanism, digital voting and analog voting Voting mechanism of triple redundant control system. Finally, it discusses the problems to be improved in future development of triple redundant system, which is of some reference significance to the related research and development work.