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目的:了解衢州市城区集居儿童体格发育、营养状况、营养不良检出率及贫血、龋齿等常见病发病的变化趋势,以采取有效的干预措施,指导集居儿童卫生保健工作。方法:采用描述性流行病学方法,将衢州市妇幼保健医院2011-2015年辖区52所托幼机构的集居儿童“六一”体检资料进行现况分析。结果 5年来衢州市托幼机构集居儿童体重、身高达标率呈逐年上升趋势,分别由2011年的60.51%和64.70%上升到2015年的70.73%和74.87%(χ~2=288.13、χ~2=314.61,P<0.05);肥胖检出率2011年至2013年呈逐年下降趋势,由2.59%降至1.97%,之后上升至2.21%(χ~2=11.40,P<0.05);营养不良检出率呈逐年下降趋势,其中低体重由2011年的1.34%降至2015年的0.96%,各年间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=8.75,P>0.05),生长迟缓和消瘦分别由2011年的1.37%和2.06%下降到2015年的0.95%和1.58%(χ~2=9.98、χ~2=15.88,P<0.05);贫血检出率呈逐年下降趋势,由2011年的2.43%降至2015年1.50%(χ~2=26.68,P<0.05);龋齿、视力不良检出率呈逐年上升趋势,分别由2011年的44.92%和0.17%上升到2015年的62.70%和1.77%(χ~2=986.05、χ2=210.98,P<0.05)。结论:衢州市集居儿童生长发育水平整体呈逐年改善的趋势,总体营养状况良好;龋齿、视力不良、肥胖检出率有上升趋势,是今后儿童保健工作应关注的重点。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the trend of physical development, nutritional status, malnutrition detection rate, prevalence of anemia, dental caries and other common diseases among urban children living in Quzhou City in order to take effective intervention measures to guide the health care of children living in communities. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the prevalence of children ’s “Liuyi” physical examination in 52 nurseries in the district of Mazhou and MCH in 2011-2015. Results The body mass and height compliance rate of children in kindergartens and nurseries of Quzhou City increased gradually from 60.51% and 64.70% in 2011 to 70.73% and 74.87% in 2015 (χ ~ 2 = 288.13, χ ~ 2 = 314.61, P <0.05). The detection rate of obesity showed a decreasing trend from 2011 to 2013, from 2.59% to 1.97% and then to 2.21% (χ ~ 2 = 11.40, P <0.05) The detection rate showed a decreasing trend year by year. The low body weight decreased from 1.34% in 2011 to 0.96% in 2015, with no significant difference between years (χ ~ 2 = 8.75, P> 0.05) The rates of anemia decreased from 1.37% and 2.06% in 2011 to 0.95% and 1.58% respectively in 2015 (χ ~ 2 = 9.98, χ ~ 2 = 15.88, P <0.05) % Decreased to 1.50% in 2015 (χ ~ 2 = 26.68, P <0.05). The prevalence of dental caries and poor eyesight increased year by year from 44.92% and 0.17% in 2011 to 62.70% and 1.77% respectively in 2015 % (χ ~ 2 = 986.05, χ2 = 210.98, P <0.05). Conclusion: The growth and development level of children inhabited by Quzhou city tends to improve year by year, and the general nutritional status is good. The detection rate of dental caries, poor eyesight and obesity is on the rise, which is the focus of child health care work in the future.