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目的了解和掌握邳州市农村环境卫生健康的危害因素,客观评价农村环境卫生状况,为制定农村环境卫生改善规划提供科学依据。方法按分层随机抽样的方法,抽取60个行政村为监测点,300户家庭为监测户。通过访谈、现场观察、实验室检测等方法获得监测数据,并填写统一调查表。结果 60个监测点集中式供水覆盖67.50%的人口;生活垃圾以填埋为主(58.33%),生活污水、工业污水均为直接排放;卫生厕所占56.38%,粪便处理以高温堆肥为主。入户调查发现,鼠类密度(56.00%)、蝇类密度较高(89.33%);个人洗手习惯与饮水习惯较好。60份土壤中未检测到活的蛔虫卵,重金属监测符合环境质量一、二级标准。结论邳州市农村垃圾、污水处理率低,环境卫生基础设施建设滞后,环境卫生有待提高。土壤环境质量较好,要加强环境保护,防止污染。
Objective To understand and grasp the dangerous factors of rural sanitation and health in Danzhou City, objectively evaluate the situation of rural sanitation and provide a scientific basis for formulating the rural sanitation improvement plan. Methods According to the stratified random sampling method, 60 administrative villages were selected as monitoring points and 300 families as monitoring households. Through interview, on-site observation, laboratory tests and other methods to obtain monitoring data, and fill in a unified questionnaire. Results The centralized water supply of 60 monitoring points covered 67.50% of the population. Domestic waste was mainly landfilled (58.33%). Domestic sewage and industrial sewage were directly discharged. Sanitary lavatories accounted for 56.38%. Household survey found that the rodent density (56.00%), flies higher density (89.33%); personal washing habits and drinking habits better. No live roundworm eggs were detected in 60 soils, and the monitoring of heavy metals conformed to the first and second standards of environmental quality. Conclusion Danzhou rural garbage, sewage treatment rate is low, sanitation infrastructure lags behind, environmental health needs to be improved. Soil quality is better, to strengthen environmental protection and prevent pollution.