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真菌芳香聚酮化合物是由真菌非还原聚酮合酶(NR-PKS)催化合成的一大类具有生物活性的天然产物。真菌芳香聚酮合酶是一个包含酮基合酶(KS)、酰基载体蛋白(ACP)、起始单元:ACP酰基转移酶(SAT)、丙二酰:ACP酰基转移酶(MAT)、产物模板(PT)和硫酯-环化酶(TE-CLC)6个结构域的巨大蛋白,负责催化真菌芳香聚酮的生物合成。在催化循环中如何选择起始单元,如何催化链的起始与延伸,如何进行中间体的折叠与环化,以及如何控制产物的正确解离,是真菌芳香聚酮合酶催化机制中的核心问题。对这些问题的理解为从真菌中筛选天然产物合成途径和利用组合生物合成手段产生新型活性分子奠定了基础。
Fungal Aromatic polyketides are a broad class of bioactive natural products catalyzed by the fungal non-reducing polyketide synthase (NR-PKS). The fungal aromatase polyketide synthase is a fungal polyketide synthase that consists of keto-synthase (KS), acyl carrier protein (ACP), initiation unit: ACP acylase (SAT), malonyl: ACP acyltransferase (PT) and thioester-cyclase (TE-CLC) six domains, responsible for the catalytic biosynthesis of fungal aromatic polyketides. How to choose the starting unit in the catalytic cycle, how to catalyze the initiation and extension of the chain, how to proceed the folding and cyclization of the intermediate, and how to control the correct dissociation of the product are the core of the fungal aromatase polyketide catalysis mechanism problem. Understanding these issues paves the way for the screening of natural product pathways in fungi and the use of combinatorial biosynthesis to create novel active molecules.