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小麦遭遇逆境时花后光合作用减弱,茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)作为主要灌浆物质来源对产量贡献率可达20%~50%。因此,了解茎鞘NSC的代谢规律,明确栽培管理措施和遗传育种改良对NSC代谢的影响,对于充分发挥NSC在小麦抗逆稳产中的作用具有重要意义。以小麦茎鞘NSC主要成分——果聚糖为例,概述了NSC的结构与合成、运输与降解;分析了小麦茎鞘NSC的功能,特别是对低温冻害和高温干旱逆境的响应;讨论了品种选择、水分管理、氮肥运筹等栽培措施对茎鞘NSC的调控作用;展望利用茎鞘NSC进行抗逆育种的前景。
Photosynthesis decreased after anthesis in wheat and NSC contributed 20% ~ 50% of the yield as the main source of the grouting material. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the metabolic regulation of NSC and clarify the effects of cultivation and management measures and genetic breeding on the metabolism of NSC. Taking fructan, the main component of wheat stem-sheath NSC, as an example, the structure, synthesis, transport and degradation of NSC were summarized. The function of wheat sheath-sheath NSC was analyzed, especially the response to cold damage and high temperature and drought stress. Variety selection, water management, nitrogen fertilizer and other cultivation measures on the regulation of the stem and sheath NSC; Prospect of stem-sheath NSC anti-retrograde breeding prospects.