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罗伯特.柯霍(RobertKoch)因对结核病(TB)的贡献荣获诺贝尔奖已过去100年,Albert Calmette和Camille Guerin制备了减毒疫苗株——牛分枝杆菌卡介苗(BCG)也已过去85年,但是,至今仍然没有有效预防TB的方法。然而,21世纪的最初十年将会见证若干新型候选疫苗的临床试验。这些候选疫苗分为二类:1)亚单位疫苗旨在强化由BCG初免诱导的免疫反应,2)改进的重组BCG取代现有的疫苗株。分别使用合适的佐剂、递送系统的蛋白质和DNA疫苗、重组病毒载体如重组的改良疫苗病毒安卡拉(Ankara),用于强化免疫,现正在试验中。已经开发出重组卡介苗(rBCG)用于初免,这些疫苗株具有很高的免疫原性,或者主要抗原的高表达。这些候选疫苗会在2006年底前通过Ⅰ期临床试验。今后的目标是试验这些新候选疫苗的不同组合以促进最佳免疫接种方案的形成。
Robert Koch Nobel Prize for Contributions to TB Over the past 100 years, Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin have also produced attenuated vaccine strains, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, for the past 85 years However, there is still no effective way to prevent TB. However, the first decade of the 21st century will see clinical trials of several new vaccine candidates. These vaccine candidates fall into two categories: 1) subunit vaccines aimed at potentiating the immune response induced by BCG priming, and 2) using an improved recombinant BCG to replace an existing vaccine strain. The appropriate adjuvants are used to deliver the system's protein and DNA vaccines, respectively, and recombinant viral vectors such as the recombinant, modified vaccine virus Ankara, for boosting immunity, are being tested. Recombinant bacille Calmette-Guerin (rBCG) has been developed for prime immunization with high immunogenicity or high expression of major antigens. These candidate vaccines will pass stage I clinical trials by the end of 2006. The future goal is to experiment with different combinations of these new vaccine candidates to promote the optimal immunization program.