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试验研究了蚯蚓粪对黑土土壤酶活性、细菌数量及多样性的影响。共设5个处理:处理1,对照(CK),不施肥;处理2,蚯蚓粪7.5 t hm-2;处理3,蚯蚓粪15 t hm-2;处理4,蚯蚓粪30 t hm-2;处理5,蚯蚓粪60 t hm-2。结果表明,蚯蚓粪对土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性有促进作用,但因酶类型的不同略有差异;随着蚯蚓粪施用量的增加,土壤细菌数量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,而土壤细菌群落多样性表现为递增趋势。各处理对土壤细菌丰富度和多样性指数的影响显著高于对照,但各处理间均匀度指数无差异。聚类分析表明,处理3(蚯蚓粪15 t hm-2)与处理4(蚯蚓粪30 t hm-2)的土壤细菌DGGE图谱相似性达93.8%,并聚成一簇,说明处理3土壤细菌种类与处理4相似性最高,处理3与处理4对土壤细菌多样性指数与均匀度指数影响均无显著差异,但条带数显著增加;处理4与处理5(蚯蚓粪60 t hm-2)相似性达到78.1%,与处理1和处理2(7.5 t hm-2)的相似性只有57.3%,说明蚯蚓粪的施入导致土壤有益微生物种类和数量增加,提高土壤细菌多样性,从而使土壤酶活增强。
The effect of vermicompost on soil enzyme activities, bacterial population and diversity was studied. A total of five treatment treatments were as follows: treatment 1, CK, no fertilization; treatment 2, earthworm excrement 7.5 t hm-2; treatment 3, earthworm excrement 15 t hm-2; treatment 4, vermicompost 30 t hm- Treatment 5, earthworm excrement 60 t hm-2. The results showed that vermicompost could promote the activity of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase in soil, but slightly different in enzyme type. With the increase of the amount of earthworm excrement, the quantity of soil bacteria increased first Afterwards, the diversity of soil bacterial community showed an increasing trend. The effect of each treatment on soil bacterial abundance and diversity index was significantly higher than that of the control, but there was no difference among the treatments. The cluster analysis showed that the DGGE profiles of soil bacteria in treatment 3 (earthworm excrement 15 t hm-2) and treatment 4 (earthworm excrement 30 t hm-2) reached 93.8%, and clustered into clusters, indicating that soil microbial species And treatment 4 had the highest similarity. The treatments 3 and 4 had no significant effect on the diversity index and evenness index of soil bacteria, but the number of bands significantly increased. The treatment 4 was similar to that of treatment 5 (earthworm excrement 60 t hm-2) The similarity of the soil microbial biomass was 78.1%, which was only 57.3% compared with that of treatment 1 and treatment 2 (7.5 t hm-2), indicating that the application of vermicompost led to the increase of soil microbial species and quantity, soil bacterial diversity and soil enzyme Live enhanced.