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氮是玉米生长必需的营养元素,对产量和品质的影响极大。当前我国玉米种植过程中有一半以上的氮肥损失于环境。要实现农业的可持续发展,必须提高氮素利用效率。根据当前国内外玉米氮素高效利用的研究现状,从氮素利用效率的含义、影响氮素利用效率的生理及分子机制、氮素高效利用候选基因的发掘及应用三个方面进行了阐述,并对该领域今后的重点研究方向进行了展望,为玉米氮素高效利用的遗传育种工作提供理论参考。
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for the growth of corn and has a great impact on yield and quality. At present, more than half of the nitrogenous fertilizer in China’s corn planting is lost to the environment. To achieve the sustainable development of agriculture, nitrogen utilization efficiency must be increased. According to the current research status of corn nitrogen efficient utilization at home and abroad, this paper elaborates the meaning of nitrogen utilization efficiency, the physiological and molecular mechanisms affecting the nitrogen utilization efficiency, the discovery and application of nitrogen efficient utilization candidate genes, and The future research directions in this field are prospected, providing a theoretical reference for the genetic breeding of high utilization of nitrogen in maize.