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本文旨在了解辽阳市麻疹发病流行特点,为有效控制、消除麻疹提供科学依据。通过对辽阳市2009-2011年74例麻疹实验室确诊病例的流行特征进行分析,结果显示,74名麻疹病例在各年龄组几乎均有发病。最小发病年龄为2月龄,最大发病年龄为42岁;小于1岁婴幼儿和成人发病增多,出现“双相移位”现象;男女性别比为1.64∶1;3～5月为麻疹高发季节;自2009年开展麻疹强化免疫活动后麻疹发病控制在较低水平;农村人口发病率高于城镇人口(χ2=4.778,P=0.029);有麻疹免疫史者25例(占33.78%),无麻疹免疫史者18例(占24.32%),麻疹免疫史不详者31例(占41.89%)。因此,在进行麻疹基础免疫同时,应加强对麻疹疫情监测,尤其是农村麻疹监测,并对重点地区和重点人群实施麻疹疫苗查漏补种和强化免疫。
The purpose of this paper is to understand the epidemic characteristics of measles in Liaoyang and to provide a scientific basis for effective control and elimination of measles. By analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of 74 cases of measles laboratory in Liaoyang City from 2009 to 2011, the results showed that 74 cases of measles occurred in almost all age groups. The minimum age of onset was 2 months old and the maximum age of onset was 42 years old. Infants and adults younger than 1 year old had an increased incidence of “biphasic shift”. The sex ratio was 1.64: 1 for men and women and 3 to 5 months for measles The incidence of measles in the rural areas was lower than that of the urban population (χ2 = 4.778, P = 0.029); 25 cases (33.78%) had measles immunization history; , 18 cases without measles immunization history (24.32%), 31 cases with unknown history of measles immunization (41.89%). Therefore, at the same time as the basic measles immunization, we should strengthen the monitoring of measles epidemics, especially the measles surveillance in rural areas, and implement the measles vaccination and intensive immunization against measles vaccines in key areas and key populations.