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在哥伦比亚河较大的水力资源综合规划中,美国陆军工程师团连续从事过鱼设施的设计、建造和运行已超过25年了。到1961年,工程师团已为三个大的工程建设了较大的过鱼设施,还有两个更大的在建造,还有几个工程正处于不同的设计阶段。本文概述了很有意义的鱼类和水力学模型试验,以用来指导这些工程过鱼设施的发展;并摘要说明了运行研究对于决定这些过鱼设施的更有效的运转方法是非常重要的。水力模型试验可用来确定鱼在各种水力条件下的反应,因而它和鱼的研究是同样重要。这就进一步保证设计将具有合适的水力条件;通过运行研究将提出一些在运转方式上具有最好的过鱼条件的过鱼设施。
In the larger comprehensive planning of the Columbia River’s hydraulic resources, the Army Corps of Engineers has been engaged in the design, construction and operation of fish facilities for more than 25 years. By 1961, the engineering team had already built larger fish-crossing facilities for the three major projects, two more were under construction, and a few others were at different stages of design. This article provides an overview of meaningful fish and hydraulics model tests to guide the development of over-fishing facilities for these projects. It also highlights the importance of operational studies in determining more efficient ways of operating these over-fishing facilities. Hydraulic model tests can be used to determine the response of fish to various hydraulic conditions and are therefore just as important as fish research. This will further ensure that the design will have suitable hydraulic conditions; some operational over-fishing facilities with the best over-fishing conditions will be proposed through operational studies.