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测薄透镜焦距是少数几个在初中、高中、大学都有的物理实验之一。其实验要求也随着物理、数学知识的增加而不断提高。误差分析就是其中的重要项目。本文根据中学物理实验要求,对测薄凸透镜焦距实验误差进行分析。一、系统误差1.像差。我们在测薄透镜焦距时,通常把实验光具组看成是理想光具组,即同心光束经凸透镜折射后仍为同心光束,像与物在几何上完全相似。而实际上只有近轴的单色光才能近似达到这个要求,所以像差不可避免。
One of the few physics experiments in middle school, high school, and university is the focal length of a thin-film lens. Its experimental requirements also increase with the increase of physics and mathematics knowledge. Error analysis is one of the important items. According to the requirement of middle school physics experiment, this paper analyzes the experimental error of measuring the focal length of the lenticular lens. First, the system error 1. Aberration. When we measure the focal length of the thin lens, the experimental optical set is usually regarded as the ideal optical set, that is, the concentric beam is still a concentric beam after being refracted by the convex lens, and the geometries of the image and the object are completely similar. In fact, only the paraxial monochromatic light can approximate this requirement, so the aberration is inevitable.