论文部分内容阅读
背景:农民工作为中国社会典型的弱势群体,其社会处境已引起普遍关注,因此,深入了解农民工的心理健康状况,提高他们的心理健康水平,对创建和谐社会来说具有重大的现实意义。目的:了解返乡农民工的心理健康状况,为有效干预农民工的心理健康问题提供可靠的依据。设计:横断面调查。单位:衡阳师范学院教育科学系。对象:调查于2005-02在中国15个省完成。采取横断面调查方式,抽取300名春节期间返乡的农民工为调查对象。方法:运用90项症状自评量表进行个别测试;做答前给予指导语,农民工根据最近1周内的自我感觉答题,独立完成,当场收卷。结果数据运用光电阅读机输入计算机进行统计分析。如有5个以上项目未答或总分低于95分的问卷视为无效而不进行分析。所有数据输入计算机后运用SPSS11.0软件包进行统计分析;计量资料的组间差异比较用t检验或方差分析。主要观察指标:①返乡农民工心理健康的基本情况。②返乡农民工心理健康状况的性别、文化程度、打工时间、经济收入差异比较。结果:共发放300份问卷,回收275份问卷,回收率91.67%。最终有245名有效被试进入结果分析。男118人,女127人;年龄16～52岁,平均年龄26.09岁。90项症状自评量表调查结果显示:①受测农民工的SCL-90总分和阳性项目数显著高于中国成人常模[(173.13±44.35,129.96±38.70)(t=15.237,P<0.001);(52.96±20.27,24.92±18.14)(t=21.654,P<0.001)]。②农民工的躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧、偏执、精神病性等9项因子分显著高于中国成人常模[(1.73±0.55,1.37±0.48)(t=10.260,P<0.001);(2.12±0.56,1.62±0.58)(t=14.092,P<0.001);(2.10±0.59,1.65±0.61)(t=12.076,P<0.001);(1.99±0.59,1.50±0.59)(t=13.072,P<0.001);(1.88±0.53,1.39±0.43)(t=14.260,P<0.001);(1.98±0.69,1.46±0.55)(t=11.951,P<0.001);(1.74±0.58,1.23±0.41)(t=13.692,P<0.001);(2.00±0.61,1.43±0.57)(t=14.647,P<0.001);(1.81±0.57,1.29±0.42)(t=14.472,P<0.001)]。③受测农民工的心理健康状况没有明显的性别、文化程度、经济收入、打工时间的差异。结论:返乡农民工的心理健康状况显著低于常模水平,性别、文化程度、经济收入和打工时间对返乡农民工的心理健康没有显著影响。
Background: Migrant workers, as a typical vulnerable group in Chinese society, have caused widespread concern. Therefore, understanding farmer workers' mental health status and improving their mental health level are of great practical significance in creating a harmonious society. Objective: To understand the mental health status of returning migrant workers and provide a reliable basis for effectively intervene the mental health of migrant workers. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Unit: Department of Educational Science, Hengyang Teachers College. Audience: The survey was completed in 15 provinces in China in 2005-02. Take the cross-sectional survey, taking 300 migrant workers returning home during the Spring Festival as the survey. Methods: Ninety items of self-rating Symptom Scale were used for individual tests. Before the answer, a guideline was given. Migrant workers finished the work independently and rewound on the spot according to the self-perceived questions within the past week. The results of the data using a photoelectric reader into the computer for statistical analysis. If more than five items were not answered or the total score less than 95 questionnaires as invalid without analysis. All data were input to the computer using SPSS11.0 software package for statistical analysis; measurement data between groups were compared using t test or analysis of variance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Basic information on mental health of returned migrant workers. ② return to migrant workers mental health status of gender, educational level, working hours, economic income differences. Results: A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and 275 questionnaires were collected. The recovery rate was 91.67%. Finally, 245 valid subjects entered the result analysis. 118 men and 127 women; aged 16 to 52 years, mean age 26.09 years. The results of 90 self-rating symptom questionnaires showed that: ①The SCL-90 scores and positive items of migrant workers were significantly higher than those of Chinese adults (173.13 ± 44.35 and 129.96 ± 38.70, t = 15.237, P < 0.001); (52.96 ± 20.27, 24.92 ± 18.14) (t = 21.654, P <0.001)]. (2) The factors of somatization, compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, fear, paranoid psychosis and so on were all significantly higher than those of Chinese adults [(1.73 ± 0.55, 1.37 ± 0.48) (2.12 ± 0.56, 1.62 ± 0.58) (t = 14.092, P <0.001); (2.10 ± 0.59,1.65 ± 0.61) (t = 12.076, 1.50 ± 0.59) (t = 13.072, P <0.001); (1.88 ± 0.53,1.39 ± 0.43) (t = 14.260, P <0.001); (1.98 ± 0.69,1.46 ± 0.55) ); (1.74 ± 0.58,1.23 ± 0.41) (t = 13.692, P <0.001); (2.00 ± 0.61,1.43 ± 0.57) (t = 14.647, t = 14.472, P <0.001)]. ③ The mental health status of migrant workers tested showed no obvious gender, educational level, economic income, working hours difference. Conclusion: The mental health status of returning migrant workers is significantly lower than that of the norm. The gender, educational level, economic income and working hours have no significant effect on the mental health of returned migrant workers.