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焉耆盆地位于天山中部,因有开都河纵贯中部并注入其东南部的博斯腾湖,而形成巨大的扇形冲积三角洲.由于地形封闭,湖水顶托,排水困难,加之开都河水流充沛,农作物灌溉用水量大,对地下水的补给量很大,地下水位很高,造成灌区土壤普遍盐渍化.据测定,荒地及撩荒地总盐量达2—6%,一般耕地总盐量为0.5—1.0%,盐份主要集中在表层,其组成以硫酸盐为主,含有一定数量的苏打,且镁盐含量往往多于钙盐.群众根据土壤含盐量及其化学组成,以及盐碱的颜色和土壤内部结构,将灌区的盐碱土分为四种类型:(1)白碱土:地表有白色盐霜或薄盐结皮,以硫酸盐为主,土壤质地轻.这种盐碱土(?)脱盐,最(?)改良.(2)黑碱
The Yanqi Basin is located in the middle of Tianshan Mountains, due to the opening of the Kaidu River and its injection into the Bosten Lake in the southeastern part, forming a huge fan-shaped alluvial delta. Due to the closed topography, lake water support and drainage difficulties, coupled with abundant water flow in the Kaidu River, crop irrigation Large amount of water, a large supply of groundwater, groundwater level is very high, resulting in widespread salinization of irrigated soil.It is determined that the total salt content of wasteland and abandoned land reached 2-6%, the general average salt content of cultivated land 0.5-1.0 %, The salt is mainly concentrated in the surface, its composition is mainly sulfate, contains a certain amount of soda, and magnesium content is often more than calcium salt.The masses according to soil salt content and its chemical composition, and the color of salt and alkali Soil internal structure, the irrigation area is divided into four types of saline soil: (1) white alkaline soil: the surface of white salt cream or thin salt crust, mainly sulfate, soil texture light. , The most (?) Improvement. (2) black alkali