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表观遗传学作为后基因组时代生命科学领域的研究前沿,与细胞分化、个体发生与进化以及人类的衰老与疾病发生均具有密切联系。在以往对牙齿形态发育异常的研究中,研究重点主要集中在与牙齿发育相关基因的突变上,而在对同卵双生子的牙齿形态的研究中,学者们发现在具有相同基因型的双胞胎之间,其牙齿的表型往往有所不同,提出后天生存环境、膳食结构、生活习惯等诸多非遗传因素可以同基因因素相互作用,共同形成多基因遗传模式,从而影响子代个体牙齿形态发生。研究方法主要包括牙齿解剖形态学研究、遗传模式研究以及与牙齿形态发生的相关基因研究。本文就在牙齿形态发生中涉及到的表观遗传现象以及所进行的相关研究进展作一综述。
Epigenetics as a frontier in the field of life sciences in the post-genomic era is closely linked to cell differentiation, individual occurrence and evolution, and human senescence and disease. In the past studies on the abnormal morphology of the tooth, the research focuses on the mutation of genes related to tooth development. However, in the study of tooth morphology of the identical twins, scholars found that in twins with the same genotype Between the teeth, the phenotypes are often different, suggesting that the acquired environment, dietary structure, habits and many other non-genetic factors can interact with the genetic factors to form a multi-gene genetic model, which affects offspring individual tooth morphology. Research methods include tooth anatomical morphology, genetic model research and tooth genesis related gene research. This article reviews the epigenetic phenomena involved in the morphogenesis of the tooth and the progress made in the related research.