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目的了解手术室医护人员血源性感染职业暴露风险的现状及职业防护的重点,为完善职业防护措施提供科学依据。方法对93名手术室医护人员采用自行设计问卷,调查2009年1月-2010年3月血源性病原体职业暴露情况。结果 63名医护人员发生锐器伤,发生率为67.74%,37名医护人员发生血液/体液暴露,发生率为39.78%;锐器伤的种类主要是缝合针,占27.81%、手术刀剪占25.83%,其次是玻璃占21.85%;主要在医护间配合传递器械,占39.07%,掰安瓿占21.19%,配加药治疗及处理使用后锐,各占10.60%等环节容易发生锐器伤;锐器伤人员中,20.63%未进行乙型肝炎疫苗预防接种、30.16%发生锐器伤时未戴手套、7.94%锐器伤后处理伤口欠规范。结论手术室存在较高的血源性职业暴露风险,是锐器伤的高发场所,管理者应提供科学的职业安全防护措施,有效地预防与减少医护人员职业暴露的发生。
Objective To understand the occupational risk of occupational exposure to blood-borne infections in operating theaters and the focus of occupational protection so as to provide a scientific basis for improving occupational protective measures. Methods Ninety-three operating room medical staffs used self-designed questionnaire to investigate occupational exposure of blood-borne pathogens from January 2009 to March 2010. Results A total of 63 medical staff were injured with sharp wounds, the incidence rate was 67.74%. 37 medical staff were exposed to blood / body fluid, the incidence was 39.78%. The main types of sharp injuries were suture needles (27.81%), scalpel scissors 25.83%, followed by glass accounted for 21.85%; mainly in the health care room with the transfer of equipment, accounting for 39.07%, breaking ampule 21.19%, with the drug treatment and treatment of sharp, each 10.60% and other links prone to sharp injuries; Among the sharps injuries, 20.63% did not vaccinate against hepatitis B vaccine, 30.16% did not wear gloves when sharps were injured, and 7.94% sharps injuries did not meet the standard. Conclusion There is a high risk of occupational blood exposure in the operating room. It is a high incidence of sharp injuries. Managers should provide scientific occupational safety precautions to effectively prevent and reduce the occupational exposure of medical staff.