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探索不同采收期老鸦瓣生物量积累及药材品质动态变化规律,为确定老鸦瓣合理采收期提供依据。从蕾期至休眠期9次取样,测定各时期生长指标、各器官生物量、鳞茎折干率、水溶性浸出物和多糖含量。结果表明,老鸦瓣植株干物质分配比例随着植株生长中心转移发生变化,鳞茎是干物质分配的主要器官。全生育期植株总干物质积累及鳞茎干物质积累呈递增趋势,且果实成熟期最高。果实成熟期与枯萎期和休眠期的鳞茎生物量没有显著差异。鳞茎生物量积累与其他形态指标间的关系系数随采收期不同差异较大,蕾期、花期及果实成熟期地上部分某些形态指标与鳞茎生物量呈负相关;在坐果期,除根外,其他形态指标与鳞茎生物量间全为显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关。鳞茎折干率随采收期的延长呈上升趋势,于休眠期达最高。水溶性浸出物在生长前期含量最高,后期含量呈先降后升的趋势,且果实成熟期含量最低。多糖含量则呈W型变化,于果实成熟期含量最低,休眠期含量最高。综合考虑,兼顾光慈姑药材产量和品质,老鸦瓣应在枯萎期或休眠期初期采收为佳。
To explore the dynamic changes of biomass accumulation and medicinal quality of Populus crataegi by different harvesting dates and to provide basis for determining the reasonable harvesting period of Laopalaceae. Nine samples were taken from bud stage to dormancy stage, and the growth index, organ biomass, bulb drying rate, water-soluble extract and polysaccharide content of each period were measured. The results showed that the proportion of dry matter distribution in Laogan petals changed with the shift of plant growth center. Bulbs were the main organs for dry matter distribution. The total dry matter accumulation and bulb dry matter accumulation of plants during the whole growth period showed an increasing trend, and the fruit maturity was the highest. There was no significant difference in bulb biomass between fruit ripening and wilting and dormancy. The correlation coefficients between bulb biomass and other morphological indexes varied greatly with different harvesting periods. Some morphological indexes of shoots at budding stage, flowering stage and fruit ripening stage were negatively correlated with bulb biomass. During fruit setting, There was a positive correlation between other morphological indexes and bulb biomass (P <0.05) or extremely significant (P <0.01). The rate of bulb drying increased with the prolongation of harvesting period, reaching the highest during dormancy. Water-soluble extract content in the early growth stage, the late content of the first decreased after the trend, and the lowest content of fruit maturity. The polysaccharide content showed a W-shaped change, the lowest content in the fruit ripening stage, the highest content during dormancy. Taken together, taking into account the yield and quality of light arrow aunt medicine, the old poplar petal should be harvested in the wilting period or early dormancy better.