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目的了解2009-2014年黑河市流行性感冒(流感)的流行趋势和病原学特征,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法收集2009-2014年中国流感监测信息系统中黑河市流感样病例(ILI)和病原学监测资料,运用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2009-2014年黑河市哨点医院共报告流感样病例3 313例,占同期门诊急诊就诊病例数的0.97%(0.35%~1.57%)。病例呈单峰分布,每年冬春是发病高峰;病例以0~4岁为最多,发病1 048例,占31.63%。共对2 417份咽拭子标本进行核酸检测,检出阳性标本317份,阳性率为13.12%。其中新甲型H1N1流感病毒阳性76份、季节性H3亚型阳性标本94份和B型阳性标本147份,分别占阳性标本的23.97%、29.65%和46.37%。结论黑河市2009年甲型H1N1流感呈流行状态,2010-2014年流感发病相对稳定,流行株为季节性H3亚型和B型。
Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza in Heihe City from 2009 to 2014 and provide evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of influenza-like illness (ILI) and pathogen surveillance in Heihe City from 2009 to 2014 in China were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 3 313 influenza-like illness cases were reported from sentinel hospitals in Heihe City during 2009-2014, accounting for 0.97% (0.35% -1.57%) of the number of outpatient emergency visits during the same period. The cases showed a unimodal distribution, with annual peak incidence in winter and spring. The cases were mostly 0 to 4 years old, with 1 048 cases (31.63%). A total of 2 417 throat swab specimens for nucleic acid detection, 317 positive samples were detected, the positive rate was 13.12%. Among them, 76 were positive for the new influenza A (H1N1) virus, 94 were positive for seasonal H3 subtype and 147 were positive for type B, accounting for 23.97%, 29.65% and 46.37% of positive samples, respectively. Conclusion In 2009, the influenza A (H1N1) epidemic in Heihe City was endemic. The incidence of influenza in 2010-2014 was relatively stable. The epidemic strains were seasonal H3 subtype and B type.