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目前，任何一种活性蛋白质（本文中指抗体、抗原等免疫分析常规试剂）的固定都不可避免地伴随着蛋白质活性不同程度的丧失。引起蛋白质活性丧失的原因一般归结如下几个因素：（1）物理吸附引起蛋白质分子三、四级结构的改变，从而导致蛋白质活性的严重丧失，甚至可能派生出新的
At present, the immobilization of any active protein (herein, the conventional reagent for immunoassay such as antibodies and antigens) inevitably accompanies the loss of protein activity to some extent. The reasons for the loss of protein activity generally come down to the following factors: (1) Physical adsorption causes changes in tertiary and quaternary structure of protein molecules, resulting in serious loss of protein activity and may even result in new