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BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that NG2-positive glial cells in the adult rats are predominantly located in the gray and white matter of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.Platelet-derived growth factor-a receptor (PDGF-aR) cells are a subset of oligodendrocytes, which are not as mature as NG2-positive cells. Distribution and migration of PDGF-aR-positive cells in the rat brain remain poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: Using immunohistochemical methods, the distribution of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (PDGF-aR-positive) was analyzed in the adult rat brain.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Immunohistochemical study was performed at the Department of Histology and Embryology of the Third Military Medical University from September 2007 to September 2008.MATERIALS: Rabbit anti-PDGF-aR polyclonal antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA. Streptomycin-avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry kit was purchased from Zhongshan Goldenbridge Biotechnology, China.METHODS: Whole brains from 5 healthy, adult, Wistar rats were collected for immunohistochemistry,and the mean value of PDGF-aR-expressing cells was quantified. The absolute values were translated to ranked data of high, moderate, and low grades (high grade: 10 positive cells; moderate grade: 5-9 cells; low grade: