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本文在认知模式划分的基础上,构建了日语中表示收受事态的动词“もらう”“受け取る”“得る”的语义结构,进而分析了各自语义结构对应的句法特征。可以看出这3个词在概念化收受事态时各有侧重,共同发挥了全面描述收受事态的作用。属于认知I模式的“もらう”语义中包含了体现AGENT=RECIPIENT=EXPERIENCER的整条行为链;属于认知D模式的“受け取る”旨在客观描述MOVER向RECIPIENT移动的状态;“得る”则凸显了认知主体关注RECIPIENT状态的认知视角。
Based on the division of cognitive patterns, this paper constructs the semantic structure of the verb “も ら う”, “け る る” and “得 る”, which represent the receiving state in Japanese, and then analyzes the syntactic features of their respective semantic structures. It can be seen that these three words have different emphases in the conceptualized reception and jointly exert the function of fully describing the reception. Belongs to the cognitive I pattern contains the entire chain of behavior embodied AGENT = RECIPIENT = EXPERIENCER; belongs to the Cognitive D pattern “subject to take ru ” aims to objectively describe the state of MOVER to RECIPIENT movement; “De ru ” highlights the cognitive perspective of the subject of RECIPIENT’s attention.