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目前,沿海港口对储运管理模式莫衷一是。笔者认为:实行储运专业化管理,具有较大的局限性,采取“储装合一”模式,适当发展相对专业化储运,是一种理想的港口储运管理模式。 一、储运专业化管理及其局限性 港口储运专业化管理,是指在港口装卸生产中,根据港口生产专业化分工的要求,对全部进出港货物的仓储和运输,实行集中统一管理。 港口储运专业化管理,有利于合理利用港口生产要素,提高港口整体管理水平,保证大规模生产作业的科学合理组织,同时,可以为港口功能和进一步拓宽创造条件。 我国港口基本上没有储运专业化管理模式,储运专业化管理在我国港口呈现以下局限性。 首先,港口生产的特点决定了储、运、装必须“三位一体”。储、运、装三个环节的任何一个环节若独立存在,则会增加环节间的协调工作,延长作业时间,影响装卸效率。其次,港口管理体制的发展趋势继续以放权为主。因此,储运专业化管理模式的有效运转,是港口的宏观管理难以保证的。再次,储运专业化管理不适应港口长远发展的要求。随着港口建设的发展,不可能在每一个新建的泊位后方都建设实行集中统一管理的专业储运货场。 二、储装合一模式及其利弊分析 储装合一模式是指在港口生产中,将港口的仓储、运输和装卸三个环节紧
At present, coastal ports have a poor management mode of storage and transportation. I believe that: the implementation of specialized management of storage and transportation, with greater limitations, to take “storage one” mode, the appropriate development of relatively specialized storage and transportation, is an ideal mode of port storage and transportation management. I. Specialized Management of Storage and Transportation and Its Limitation The specialized management of port storage and transportation means that in the port loading and unloading production, centralized and unified management of the warehousing and transportation of all inbound and outbound goods is carried out in accordance with the requirements of specialization of port production. The specialized management of port storage and transportation is conducive to making rational use of the factors of port production, raising the overall management level of ports and ensuring the scientific and rational organization of large-scale production operations, and at the same time, can create conditions for port functions and further expansion. China’s ports basically do not have the specialized management mode of storage and transportation, and the specialized management of storage and transportation presents the following limitations in the ports of our country. First of all, the characteristics of port production determine the storage, transportation and equipment must be “Trinity.” If any one of the three stages of storage, transportation and loading exists independently, it will increase the coordination among the sections, prolong the working hours and affect the handling efficiency. Second, the development trend of the port management system continued to be mainly decentralized. Therefore, the effective operation of the specialized management mode of storage and transportation is difficult to ensure the macroscopic management of the port. Third, the specialized management of storage and transportation does not meet the requirements of the long-term development of the port. With the development of port construction, it is impossible to build a specialized storage and transportation yard with centralized and unified management behind each new berth. Second, the integration of storage mode and analysis of their advantages and disadvantages Storage integration model refers to the port production, the port’s warehousing, transportation and handling of the three links tight