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在中华民族漫长的建筑史中,有气势宏伟的宫殿建筑、庄严肃穆的宗教建筑,还有星罗棋布、分布广泛、各具特色的民居建筑。我国民居分布最集中、最广的当属北、南两大民居建筑。在北方住宅民居中以北京的四合院最具代表性。四合院作为北京的传统民居,在元代就已出现了。现存的四合院大多数是清代与二十世纪30年代建的。四合院的“四”字,表示的是东、南、西、北四个方位;“合”则是围在一起的意思。北京四合院的建筑布局,在封建宗法礼教的支配下,按着南北中轴线对称地布置房屋和院落。而在我国南方地区,尤其是江南水乡一带,则是另一种建筑景象:小桥流水、石板小路旁建着精美别致的亭台楼阁。例如,在我国长江以南的安徽、
In the long history of Chinese architecture, there are magnificent palace buildings, solemn religious buildings, as well as dotted, widely distributed and distinctive residential buildings. China’s residential distribution is the most concentrated, the most extensive was undoubtedly North and South residential buildings. In the northern residential houses in Beijing’s most representative of the courtyard. Siheyuan as Beijing’s traditional houses, in the Yuan Dynasty has appeared. Most of the existing Siheyuan were built in the Qing Dynasty and the 1930s. The courtyard of the “four ” word, said the east, south, west and north of the four positions; “together ” is surrounded by meaning. Beijing Siheyuan building layout, under the feudal patriarchal rites, according to the north-south axis symmetrically arranged houses and courtyards. In the south of our country, especially in the area of Jiangnan Water Village, it is another kind of architectural scene: bridges and waterways are built along the stone pavement with beautiful and unique pavilions. For example, in Anhui Province, south of the Yangtze River in our country,