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认识环境中有害因素对人所致危害,主要通过三个途径,即临床病例、动物实验与对接触者的观察,后者包括对接触者的预防性体检和流行病学调查。通过病例才认识有害因素对人所致的危害,是最早使用的方法,近代预防医学发展,利用后两种方法,可以预测某种因素的潜在危害,从而能在病损发生之前实施预防,已成为目前防止危害的主要手段。而在实际工作中,常由于种种原因,使病例仍不能完全消灭,因而从临床病例观察中总结经验,仍具有重要意义。 对接触者的预防性体检,是从个体寻找接触有害因素的早期损害;流行病学调查则观察人群中某些病损与接触因素的关系。两种方法
Recognizing the harmful effects of harmful elements of the environment on humans is mainly through three pathways, clinical cases, animal experiments and observations of contacts, and the latter includes preventive physical examinations and epidemiological investigations of contacts. It is the earliest method to know the harmfulness caused by harmful factors to human beings through the cases. In the modern preventive medicine development, the latter two methods can be used to predict the potential hazards of some kind of factors so that they can be prevented before the lesions occur. Become the main means of preventing harm. In practice, often due to various reasons, so that the case still can not be completely eliminated, and thus summarize the experience of clinical cases observed, is still of great significance. Preventive medical examination of contacts is to find out the early damage from the individual to contact with harmful factors; epidemiological survey is to observe the relationship between certain lesions and contact factors in the population. Two ways