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Femtosecond laser-induced dissociation and Coulomb explosion of polyatomic molecule C2H6 were systematically investigated using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a chirped pulse amplifier laser. With the laser intensity varying from 2.4× 1015 W/cm2 to 1.2× 1016W/cm2, strong molecular ions C2Hn+ (n=0-6) and atomic ions Cm+ (m=1-3) signals were observed. The double-peak structure of atomic ions indicated the occurrence of Coulomb explosion. Compared with the nearly isotropic distribution of C+, highly charged ions Cm+ (m=2-3) exhibited a sharply anisotropic angular distribution, which was attributed to the geometric alignment.