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研究了旋转机械振动信号的非线性特征，分析了产生非线性的机制，着重讨论了二次相位耦合与机械故障的关系。在此基础上将高阶谱分析引入转子故障诊断。高阶谱保留了信号的相位信息且能有效抑制噪声，可以定量描述非线性相位耦合。试验分析表明，对于不同类型的故障，高阶谱特征存在明显差异，因而可用于故障模式识别。高阶谱丰富了旋转机械故障诊断系统知识库中的振动特征信息，用于工业现场能大大提高诊断准确性。“,”Based on a review of the nonlinear properties of machinery vibration signals， the mechanisms giving rise to nonlinear phase coupling are discussed． Emphasis is focused on the relationship between faults and quadratic phase coupling． As a result， higher order spectra are introduced into fault diagnosis of rotors． Unlike power spectra， higher order spectra preserve phase information and offer convenient means for identifying phase coupling． Moreover higher order spectra provide a good way to suppress noises． Experiments show that higher order spectra patterns of different faults are quite different， so it is proposed to take it to identify the faults in rotors． The higher order spectra can enrich the vibration feature information for the knowledge base of the rotating machinery fault diagnosis system and are of great significance to diagnose faults in industrial equipments accurately．