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目的探讨贵阳市大气PM_(2.5)理化特性及其对呼吸系统疾病门诊量的影响。方法从贵阳市环保局收集贵阳市2014—2015年大气质量监测资料,从贵阳市气象局收集贵阳市2014—2015年气象因素监测资料,贵阳市大气PM_(2.5)污染特征及其与主要影响因素间的相关性进行分析;在贵阳市每个观察区内距当地环境监测站最近处各选取1所综合性甲等医院进行调查,收集2所医院呼吸系统疾病患者资料,分析贵阳市大气PM_(2.5)对呼吸系统疾病门诊量的影响情况。结果 2014—2015年贵阳市大气PM_(2.5)日均质量浓度为41.36μg/m~3。6种气象因素日均值之间存在一定的相关性。研究期间呼吸系统门诊量共计77 790人次,平均107人次/d。呼吸系统疾病日门诊量与大气PM_(2.5)之间的SPearman相关系数r=0.11,P<0.01(双侧),大气PM_(2.5)与呼吸系统门诊量之间存在正相关性。大气PM_(2.5)对呼吸系统门诊量的影响存在滞后效应,且滞后第4天的滞后效应最强,PM_(2.5)质量浓度每增加10μg/m~3,呼吸系统疾病门诊量增加0.64%。结论贵阳市大气PM_(2.5)与呼吸系统门诊量之间存在正相关性。
Objective To explore the physical and chemical characteristics of atmospheric PM_ (2.5) in Guiyang and its influence on the outpatient volume of respiratory diseases. Methods The data of atmospheric quality monitoring in Guiyang from 2014 to 2015 were collected from Guiyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau. The monitoring data of meteorological factors in Guiyang from 2014 to 2015 were collected from Guiyang Meteorological Bureau. The characteristics of atmospheric PM_ (2.5) pollution in Guiyang and their relationship with main influencing factors In each observation area of Guiyang from the nearest local environmental monitoring station to select a comprehensive first-class hospital for investigation, to collect data on patients with respiratory diseases in two hospitals, analyze the atmospheric PM_ ( 2.5) The impact of respiratory disease outpatient volume. Results The daily mean concentration of PM 2.5 in Guiyang from 2014 to 2015 was 41.36 μg / m ~ 3.6. There was a certain correlation between the daily average of 3.6 meteorological factors. Respiratory outpatient visits during the study totaled 77,790 person-times, an average of 107 person-trips / d. There was a positive correlation between SPearman correlation coefficient r = 0.11, P <0.01 (bilateral), PM_ (2.5) and respiration outpatient volume between respiratory outpatient and PM_ (2.5). The effect of atmospheric PM_ (2.5) on the outpatient volume of respiratory system lags behind, and the lag effect is the highest on the fourth day of lag. The outpatient amount of respiratory disease increases by 0.64% for every 10 μg / m ~ 3 increase of PM_ (2.5) Conclusion There is a positive correlation between PM_ (2.5) and respiratory outpatient volume in Guiyang.