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根据国家教委考试中心公布的《高考物理科说明》,物理科所涉及到的守恒定律有:动量守恒定律;机械能守恒定律;能的转化和守恒定律;电荷守恒定律。对这些守恒定律,要求掌握的程度比较高,要求理解这些守恒定律及其与其它知识的联系,并能在对实际问题进行分析、综合、推理和判断等过程中运用。特别是对前三个守恒定律要求更熟练。下面就这些守恒定律应用中须注意的条件和特性作些例谈。一、动量守恒定律
According to the “Department of Physics for College Entrance Examination” issued by the National Education Commission Examination Center, the conservation laws involved in the Department of Physics include: the law of conservation of momentum; the law of conservation of mechanical energy; the law of conversion and conservation of energy; the law of conservation of charge. For these conservation laws, the degree of mastery is required to be relatively high, and it is required to understand these conservation laws and their connection with other knowledge, and to apply them in the analysis, synthesis, reasoning, and judgment of practical problems. In particular, the first three conservation laws require more proficiency. Here are some examples of conditions and features that should be noted in the application of these conservation laws. First, the law of conservation of momentum