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为探明与苦瓜产量相关的主要农艺性状,对已经获得的15个苦瓜育种新组合的茎、叶、花、果的31个农艺性状进行了详细的调查和数据分析。结果表明:这些新组合的31个农艺性状有14个表现一致性较高;对茎、叶性状与总产量的相关性分析表明,叶片宽和第一雌花节位与总产量显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.503和-0.533;HY1B的第一雌花节位最小,产量最高,第一雌花节位13以下的有4个组合;对花、果性状与总产量的相关性分析表明,总产量与单瓜重和前期产量极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.887和0.788;商品瓜横径和肉厚与苦瓜雌花数和雌花节率显著相关;据此,提出以第一雌花节位及单果重为选择苦瓜育种新组合主成分的育种思路;聚类分析可以将15个苦瓜育种新组合分为5组,分析亲缘关系发现,苦瓜杂交后代的性状偏向于母本,育种中父母本的选择非常重要,选择亲缘关系较远的新组合进一步杂交,其后代研究意义更大。
To identify the main agronomic traits related to the yield of bitter melon, 31 agronomic traits of stem, leaf, flower and fruit of 15 new balsam pear breeding combinations have been investigated and analyzed in detail. The results showed that the 31 combinations of agronomic traits of these new combinations showed high consistency. Correlation analysis of stem and leaf traits with the total yield showed that there was a significant negative correlation between leaf width and the first female flower node and total yield, and correlation Coefficient of -0.503 and -0.533, respectively. The first female flower segment of HY1B had the lowest yield and the highest yield, and the first female flower segment had 4 combinations of below 13. The correlation analysis between flowers and fruit traits and total yield showed that the total yield The correlation coefficient was 0.887 and 0.788 respectively. The transverse diameter and flesh thickness of commercial melon were significantly correlated with the female flower number and the female flower node percentage of bitter melon. Based on this, the first female flower node and single fruit And the weight was the breeding idea to select the main components of the new combination of bitter gourd breeding. Cluster analysis could divide the 15 new combinations of bitter gourd breeding into five groups, and found that the characters of the hybrids of bitter gourd biased towards the female parent and the parental choice of breeding It is very important to choose a new combination of distant genetic relationship for further hybridization, and its offspring is of great significance.