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In the past 30 years, Xiamen has actively modified its industrial structure, strived to develop an advanced manufacturing industrial chain, and strengthened supporting capability for industries. The advanced manufacturing base on the west bank of the Taiwan Straits has been gradually taking shape along with the rapid development of port logistics, travel and exhibition and modern financial services. The coordinated development of the three industries in Xiamen has pushed forward the shaping of a new economic growth structure. After the establishment of the SEZ, the annual growth of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries stood at 1.1 percent, 20.1 percent and 17.7 percent, with upgraded primary and secondary industrial structures and increased proportion of the tertiary industry. The industrial structure of Xiamen has become more proportional.
Rural economic reform and agricultural restructuring
In the past three decades, the economic and social conditions in Xiamen’s rural areas have undergone tremendous changes. Shortly after the establishment of the SEZ, local farmers fully adopted the household contract responsibility system, which helped eliminate equalitarianism and greatly boost the development of the rural economy. In recent years, Xiamen SEZ has coordinated rural and urban development in four aspects—planning, program, investment and policy. It has adopted a concentrated economic development strategy, strived to develop modern agriculture, improved agricultural production efficiency, and modified agricultural structure. In 2010, the SEZ’s total output value of agriculture, husbandry, fishery and forestry stood at 3.753 billion yuan ($573 million), which was 13.4 times that of 1981 and recorded an annual growth rate of 3 percent. Fishery, husbandry, vegetable, fruit and flowers and plants have become five pillar industries of Xiamen’s agriculture. It has set up a number of agriculture demonstrative gardens and production bases with different types and features. In addition, Xiamen has supported the development of a number of major agricultural companies, which has created some well-known brands. All those have greatly improved the competitiveness of Xiamen’s agriculture, boosting the scale production and the international development of agriculture.
Agricultural bellwethers including Yinlu Group, Yinxiang Group and HEK Co. Ltd. strive to make new products, explore good-quality, differentiated and specialized products, cultivate sustained unique comparative advantages, and introduce standardized production and industrialized operation systems to more farmers. Through market exploration and occupation, those companies are able to sell more agricultural products in the international market. By the end of 2010, agricultural companies of Xiamen had owned 70 well-known brands, including 12 national brand names, four national brand products, 26 famous trademarks and 26 brand products of Fujian. In 2010, the SEZ had 11 agricultural companies whose industrial output value exceeded 500 million yuan ($76.33 million) and five companies with industrial output exceeding 1 billion yuan ($152.67 million). Xiamen Yinlu Group, Xiamen Zhongsheng Oil and Grains Co. Ltd. and Xiamen Bai Sui Hang Science and Technology Co. Ltd. have entered the ranks of the top 100 powerful companies of Xiamen. Their output value in 2010 totaled 20.526 billion yuan ($3.13 billion), bringing in $474 million in foreign exchange and paying 645 million yuan($98.47 million) in taxes. The three companies, with a total plantation area of 159,000 mu (10,600 hectares), brought 1.19 billion yuan ($181.68 million) in revenue for local farmers.
Industry cluster effect
In the past three decades, Xiamen, taking
advantage of the preferential policies that came with its position as one of the country’s first SEZs, has made efforts to develop its advanced manufacturing industry. Today, a slew of industries, enterprises and products, featuring high technical content and wide recognition at home and abroad, has been established in Xiamen.
Xiamen is a state-level industry base for audio and visual communication, tungsten material, software, semiconductor lighting and electricity equipment, as well as the country’s only pilot project of industry cluster in photoelectric displayer. At the same time, Xiamen, attaching great importance to the construction of industrial concentration zones and exploring new ways to industrialize, has been committed to improving the core competitiveness of its manufacturing industry, building a strong advanced manufacturing industrial base on the west bank of the Taiwan Straits and promoting the vital development of an industry-based economy.
In 2010, Xiamen realized a gross industrial output value of 378.1 billion yuan($60.02 billion), 403.24 times greater than in 1981, with an annual growth of 23.0 percent. In 2010, Xiamen registered industrial added value of 86.59 billion yuan ($13.74 billion), accounting for 42 percent of the cities’ GDP, 245.71 times greater than in 1981, with an annual growth of 21.1 percent. By the end of 2010, Xiamen had registered 2,214 enterprises of scale, among which 434 had an annual output value of more than 100 million yuan ($15.87 million) and realized total output value of 314.22 billion yuan ($49.88 billion), accounting for 83.1 percent of the city’s gross industrial output value. In recent years, Xiamen has been vigorously promoting the construction of industrial concentration zones while adjusting administrative divisions and strengthening industrial planning. As a result, more than 40 small industrial zones have been integrated and a batch of top enterprises with indigenous innovation, famous brands and high market occupancy have been introduced into the industrial concentration zone to become the leading enterprises of related industries.
Surrounding the leading enterprises, more enterprises on the same industrial chain have been invited into the industrial concentration zone, thus bringing forth the industrial accumulative effect. By the end of 2010, the Xiamen Torch Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Torch (Xiang’an) Industrial Zone and Xiamen Taiwan Sci-Tech Enterprises Incubation Center had registered 370 enterprises of scale and realized annual gross industrial output of 82.35 billion yuan($13.07 billion). By the end of 2010, about 75.4 percent of the enterprises of scale had been in the three major industries, namely, electronics, machine building and chemical engineering, and realized a gross industrial output of 276.93 billion yuan ($43.96 billion), accounting for 81.9 percent of the city’s total industrial growth. The 13 industrial chains with output value of more than 10 billion yuan ($1.59 billion) realized total industrial output value of 235.92 billion yuan ($37.45 billion), accounting for 64.3 percent of the city’s total industrial output value.
Indigenous innovation
In recent years, Xiamen, endeavoring to build itself into a national innovation pilot city, has established the Xiamen Innovation Engineering and Technology Research Center and Xiamen Inventive Problem-Solving Studio. In addition, Xiamen has pushed forward the construction of a national pilot base of patent industrialization and a national demonstration city of intellectual property protection. With all these efforts, the number of hi-tech enterprises in Xiamen now takes up nearly half of the province’s total. In 2010, Xiamen invested 5.098 billion yuan ($809.21 million) in research and development, much higher than the national and provincial average level. Xiamen SEZ has also launched guidelines on promoting the development of strategic and emerging industries, including new information technology, biological industry, new material, new energy, creative, genetic engineering and medicine and biological medicine.
Modern service industry In the past three decades, Xiamen has been committed to developing its modern service industries, such as port logistics, tourism, exhibition and conference, finance and insurance. In 2010, the added value of the city’s service industry increased to 100.23 billion yuan ($15.91 billion), with an average annual growth of 17.7 percent. In addition, the proportion of service industry growth in GDP increased from 21.9 percent in 1981 to 49.2 percent in 2010. Investment in the service industry steadily grew to 78.81 billion yuan ($12.51 billion) in 2010, 940.5 times greater than 1981, with an average annual growth of 26.6 percent.
Realizing the importance of Xiamen’s port and drawing upon Xiamen Bay Harbor and Gaoqi International Airport, Xiamen has built up its own transportation system with harbors, railways, highways, airports and others. In 2010, Xiamen Port and Zhangzhou Port were integrated, and Xiamen Port was expanded to 12 harbor districts from eight and its deep-water coastline was extended by 27 km, which laid a foundation for further optimizing the function layout and achieving the coordinated development of different harbors.
Currently, Xiamen Port has 92 berths in use, with the capacity of each of the 64 exceeding 10,000 tons. Today’s Xiamen Port has berths for various uses, such as container, coal and oil, with the largest capacity for an individual berth reaching 150,000 tons. In 2010, Xiamen Port realized goods throughput of 139.305 million tons and container throughput of 5.824 million standard containers, ranking 20th in the world.
Xiamen Airport, an important aviation hub connecting Southeast Asia, Japan and South Korea, has become one of the country’s top 15 airports. With a total of 172 inter-city airlines and postal airlines covering the whole country, Xiamen Airport has been listed as China’s top five hub ports by the State Post Bureau.
There are railway lines connecting Xiamen with Fuzhou and Longquan in Fujian
Province, Shenzhen in Guangdong Province and Yingtan in Jiangxi Province. A highspeed rail line opened in 2010 linking Xiamen to Fuzhou, signaling Xiamen’s strategic position as an important railway hub on the west bank of the Taiwan Straits. Xiamen now has a modern communication network consisting of programming-controlled telephone, mobile communication, digital data and image-text transmission.
In the past 30 years, Xiamen has endeavored to build itself into an important and attractive center for trade and business in the southeast coast of China with a beautiful environment. To meet this goal, Xiamen SEZ has boosted consumption and its market. With the construction of large-scale commercial facilities and increasing inbound investment, large retailers both at home and abroad have entered Xiamen, including Wal-Mart, Carrefour, Lotus and Tianhong, and consumer goods sales have witnessed rapid growth in the past three decades, exceeding 10 billion yuan ($1.59 billion) in 1997, 20 billion yuan($3.17 billion) in 2003 and 40 billion yuan($6.35 billion) in 2007 and 68.5 billion yuan($10.87 billion) in 2010, with an average annual growth of 20.8 percent.
During the past three decades, the financial market in Xiamen has been expanding continuously and boasts domestic and overseas financial institutes, and incorporated and unincorporated financial institutes. A mature and fit financial system has been formed in Xiamen, being administered by the People’s Bank of China, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commission. By the end of 2010, the city had recorded 34 financial institutes, including policy banks and domestic and overseas-invested banks, with local currency deposit balance increasing to 396.18 billion yuan ($62.88 billion) in 2010, or 776.1 times that of 1981, showing an average annual growth of 25.8 percent. Local current loans balance increased to 316.51 billion yuan ($50.24 billion) in 2010, 478.4 times greater than in 1981, with an average annual growth of 23.7 percent.
Xiamen has propelled its conference and exhibition industry. The city now has a slew of venues of 10,500 square meters for exhibition, including the International Exhibition Center and the Culture and Art Center. A batch of conferences have chosen Xiamen as their host city, such as China International Fair for Investment and Trade, China Xiamen Machinery and Electronics Exhibition, China International Xiamen Stone Fair and the Cross-Straits (Xiamen) Culture Industries Fair. In 2010, a total of 147 exhibitions and trade fairs and 1,369 conferences were held in Xiamen. The Xiamen Software Park has attracted a batch of Taiwan-invested software companies, animation game and integrated circuit design firms. In addition to holding the Xiamen International Animation Festival, the Xiamen Software Park has also become the National Animation Industry Base and the National Talents Training Base for Software and Integrated Circuit.
As China’s famous tourist destination, Xiamen has been bolstering the development of its oceanic tourism products, including cruises, yachting and boating. Xiamen has become a leading player in the country’s sea tourism by promoting tours across the Taiwan Straits. By the end of 2010, Xiamen, with 58 hotels above three stars, had received 30.26 million tourists, with gross business revenue of 38.39 billion yuan ($6.09 billion). It has received 1.628 million overseas travelers, with foreign exchange earning of $1.09 billion.
Rural economic reform and agricultural restructuring
In the past three decades, the economic and social conditions in Xiamen’s rural areas have undergone tremendous changes. Shortly after the establishment of the SEZ, local farmers fully adopted the household contract responsibility system, which helped eliminate equalitarianism and greatly boost the development of the rural economy. In recent years, Xiamen SEZ has coordinated rural and urban development in four aspects—planning, program, investment and policy. It has adopted a concentrated economic development strategy, strived to develop modern agriculture, improved agricultural production efficiency, and modified agricultural structure. In 2010, the SEZ’s total output value of agriculture, husbandry, fishery and forestry stood at 3.753 billion yuan ($573 million), which was 13.4 times that of 1981 and recorded an annual growth rate of 3 percent. Fishery, husbandry, vegetable, fruit and flowers and plants have become five pillar industries of Xiamen’s agriculture. It has set up a number of agriculture demonstrative gardens and production bases with different types and features. In addition, Xiamen has supported the development of a number of major agricultural companies, which has created some well-known brands. All those have greatly improved the competitiveness of Xiamen’s agriculture, boosting the scale production and the international development of agriculture.
Agricultural bellwethers including Yinlu Group, Yinxiang Group and HEK Co. Ltd. strive to make new products, explore good-quality, differentiated and specialized products, cultivate sustained unique comparative advantages, and introduce standardized production and industrialized operation systems to more farmers. Through market exploration and occupation, those companies are able to sell more agricultural products in the international market. By the end of 2010, agricultural companies of Xiamen had owned 70 well-known brands, including 12 national brand names, four national brand products, 26 famous trademarks and 26 brand products of Fujian. In 2010, the SEZ had 11 agricultural companies whose industrial output value exceeded 500 million yuan ($76.33 million) and five companies with industrial output exceeding 1 billion yuan ($152.67 million). Xiamen Yinlu Group, Xiamen Zhongsheng Oil and Grains Co. Ltd. and Xiamen Bai Sui Hang Science and Technology Co. Ltd. have entered the ranks of the top 100 powerful companies of Xiamen. Their output value in 2010 totaled 20.526 billion yuan ($3.13 billion), bringing in $474 million in foreign exchange and paying 645 million yuan($98.47 million) in taxes. The three companies, with a total plantation area of 159,000 mu (10,600 hectares), brought 1.19 billion yuan ($181.68 million) in revenue for local farmers.
Industry cluster effect
In the past three decades, Xiamen, taking
advantage of the preferential policies that came with its position as one of the country’s first SEZs, has made efforts to develop its advanced manufacturing industry. Today, a slew of industries, enterprises and products, featuring high technical content and wide recognition at home and abroad, has been established in Xiamen.
Xiamen is a state-level industry base for audio and visual communication, tungsten material, software, semiconductor lighting and electricity equipment, as well as the country’s only pilot project of industry cluster in photoelectric displayer. At the same time, Xiamen, attaching great importance to the construction of industrial concentration zones and exploring new ways to industrialize, has been committed to improving the core competitiveness of its manufacturing industry, building a strong advanced manufacturing industrial base on the west bank of the Taiwan Straits and promoting the vital development of an industry-based economy.
In 2010, Xiamen realized a gross industrial output value of 378.1 billion yuan($60.02 billion), 403.24 times greater than in 1981, with an annual growth of 23.0 percent. In 2010, Xiamen registered industrial added value of 86.59 billion yuan ($13.74 billion), accounting for 42 percent of the cities’ GDP, 245.71 times greater than in 1981, with an annual growth of 21.1 percent. By the end of 2010, Xiamen had registered 2,214 enterprises of scale, among which 434 had an annual output value of more than 100 million yuan ($15.87 million) and realized total output value of 314.22 billion yuan ($49.88 billion), accounting for 83.1 percent of the city’s gross industrial output value. In recent years, Xiamen has been vigorously promoting the construction of industrial concentration zones while adjusting administrative divisions and strengthening industrial planning. As a result, more than 40 small industrial zones have been integrated and a batch of top enterprises with indigenous innovation, famous brands and high market occupancy have been introduced into the industrial concentration zone to become the leading enterprises of related industries.
Surrounding the leading enterprises, more enterprises on the same industrial chain have been invited into the industrial concentration zone, thus bringing forth the industrial accumulative effect. By the end of 2010, the Xiamen Torch Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Torch (Xiang’an) Industrial Zone and Xiamen Taiwan Sci-Tech Enterprises Incubation Center had registered 370 enterprises of scale and realized annual gross industrial output of 82.35 billion yuan($13.07 billion). By the end of 2010, about 75.4 percent of the enterprises of scale had been in the three major industries, namely, electronics, machine building and chemical engineering, and realized a gross industrial output of 276.93 billion yuan ($43.96 billion), accounting for 81.9 percent of the city’s total industrial growth. The 13 industrial chains with output value of more than 10 billion yuan ($1.59 billion) realized total industrial output value of 235.92 billion yuan ($37.45 billion), accounting for 64.3 percent of the city’s total industrial output value.
Indigenous innovation
In recent years, Xiamen, endeavoring to build itself into a national innovation pilot city, has established the Xiamen Innovation Engineering and Technology Research Center and Xiamen Inventive Problem-Solving Studio. In addition, Xiamen has pushed forward the construction of a national pilot base of patent industrialization and a national demonstration city of intellectual property protection. With all these efforts, the number of hi-tech enterprises in Xiamen now takes up nearly half of the province’s total. In 2010, Xiamen invested 5.098 billion yuan ($809.21 million) in research and development, much higher than the national and provincial average level. Xiamen SEZ has also launched guidelines on promoting the development of strategic and emerging industries, including new information technology, biological industry, new material, new energy, creative, genetic engineering and medicine and biological medicine.
Modern service industry In the past three decades, Xiamen has been committed to developing its modern service industries, such as port logistics, tourism, exhibition and conference, finance and insurance. In 2010, the added value of the city’s service industry increased to 100.23 billion yuan ($15.91 billion), with an average annual growth of 17.7 percent. In addition, the proportion of service industry growth in GDP increased from 21.9 percent in 1981 to 49.2 percent in 2010. Investment in the service industry steadily grew to 78.81 billion yuan ($12.51 billion) in 2010, 940.5 times greater than 1981, with an average annual growth of 26.6 percent.
Realizing the importance of Xiamen’s port and drawing upon Xiamen Bay Harbor and Gaoqi International Airport, Xiamen has built up its own transportation system with harbors, railways, highways, airports and others. In 2010, Xiamen Port and Zhangzhou Port were integrated, and Xiamen Port was expanded to 12 harbor districts from eight and its deep-water coastline was extended by 27 km, which laid a foundation for further optimizing the function layout and achieving the coordinated development of different harbors.
Currently, Xiamen Port has 92 berths in use, with the capacity of each of the 64 exceeding 10,000 tons. Today’s Xiamen Port has berths for various uses, such as container, coal and oil, with the largest capacity for an individual berth reaching 150,000 tons. In 2010, Xiamen Port realized goods throughput of 139.305 million tons and container throughput of 5.824 million standard containers, ranking 20th in the world.
Xiamen Airport, an important aviation hub connecting Southeast Asia, Japan and South Korea, has become one of the country’s top 15 airports. With a total of 172 inter-city airlines and postal airlines covering the whole country, Xiamen Airport has been listed as China’s top five hub ports by the State Post Bureau.
There are railway lines connecting Xiamen with Fuzhou and Longquan in Fujian
Province, Shenzhen in Guangdong Province and Yingtan in Jiangxi Province. A highspeed rail line opened in 2010 linking Xiamen to Fuzhou, signaling Xiamen’s strategic position as an important railway hub on the west bank of the Taiwan Straits. Xiamen now has a modern communication network consisting of programming-controlled telephone, mobile communication, digital data and image-text transmission.
In the past 30 years, Xiamen has endeavored to build itself into an important and attractive center for trade and business in the southeast coast of China with a beautiful environment. To meet this goal, Xiamen SEZ has boosted consumption and its market. With the construction of large-scale commercial facilities and increasing inbound investment, large retailers both at home and abroad have entered Xiamen, including Wal-Mart, Carrefour, Lotus and Tianhong, and consumer goods sales have witnessed rapid growth in the past three decades, exceeding 10 billion yuan ($1.59 billion) in 1997, 20 billion yuan($3.17 billion) in 2003 and 40 billion yuan($6.35 billion) in 2007 and 68.5 billion yuan($10.87 billion) in 2010, with an average annual growth of 20.8 percent.
During the past three decades, the financial market in Xiamen has been expanding continuously and boasts domestic and overseas financial institutes, and incorporated and unincorporated financial institutes. A mature and fit financial system has been formed in Xiamen, being administered by the People’s Bank of China, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commission. By the end of 2010, the city had recorded 34 financial institutes, including policy banks and domestic and overseas-invested banks, with local currency deposit balance increasing to 396.18 billion yuan ($62.88 billion) in 2010, or 776.1 times that of 1981, showing an average annual growth of 25.8 percent. Local current loans balance increased to 316.51 billion yuan ($50.24 billion) in 2010, 478.4 times greater than in 1981, with an average annual growth of 23.7 percent.
Xiamen has propelled its conference and exhibition industry. The city now has a slew of venues of 10,500 square meters for exhibition, including the International Exhibition Center and the Culture and Art Center. A batch of conferences have chosen Xiamen as their host city, such as China International Fair for Investment and Trade, China Xiamen Machinery and Electronics Exhibition, China International Xiamen Stone Fair and the Cross-Straits (Xiamen) Culture Industries Fair. In 2010, a total of 147 exhibitions and trade fairs and 1,369 conferences were held in Xiamen. The Xiamen Software Park has attracted a batch of Taiwan-invested software companies, animation game and integrated circuit design firms. In addition to holding the Xiamen International Animation Festival, the Xiamen Software Park has also become the National Animation Industry Base and the National Talents Training Base for Software and Integrated Circuit.
As China’s famous tourist destination, Xiamen has been bolstering the development of its oceanic tourism products, including cruises, yachting and boating. Xiamen has become a leading player in the country’s sea tourism by promoting tours across the Taiwan Straits. By the end of 2010, Xiamen, with 58 hotels above three stars, had received 30.26 million tourists, with gross business revenue of 38.39 billion yuan ($6.09 billion). It has received 1.628 million overseas travelers, with foreign exchange earning of $1.09 billion.