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目的:探讨D-二聚体对成年烧伤患者并发下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的预测价值。方法:采用回顾性病例系列研究方法。收集2015年1月1日—2019年12月31日郑州市第一人民医院烧伤科收治的符合入选标准的3 861例成年烧伤患者的临床资料。按住院期间是否并发下肢DVT，将患者分为DVT组（77例）和非DVT组（3 784例），收集并比较2组患者的性别、年龄、烧伤总面积、D-二聚体水平，入院时有无下肢烧伤、吸入性损伤，住院期间是否并发脓毒症/感染性休克及有无股静脉留置中心静脉导管（CVC）、外科手术史、输注浓缩红细胞。对数据行独立样本n t检验、Mann-Whitney n U检验、n χ2检验。选取组间比较差异具有统计学意义的指标进行多因素logistic回归分析，筛选3 861例成年烧伤患者并发下肢DVT的独立危险因素。绘制独立危险因素预测3 861例成年烧伤患者并发下肢DVT的受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线，计算曲线下面积（AUC）、最佳阈值及最佳阈值下的敏感度、特异度。采用Delong检验对AUC的质量进行比较，采用n χ2检验对最佳阈值下的敏感度和特异度进行比较。n 结果:2组患者性别及住院期间脓毒症/感染性休克发生情况、外科手术史比较，差异均无统计学意义（n P>0.05）；2组患者年龄、烧伤总面积、D-二聚体水平，入院时下肢烧伤情况、吸入性损伤情况，住院期间股静脉留置CVC和输注浓缩红细胞情况比较，差异均有统计学意义（n t=-8.17，n Z值分别为-5.04、-10.83，n χ2值分别为21.83、5.37、7.75、4.52，n P0.05), while there were statistically significant differences in age, total burn area, D-dimer level, lower limb burn and inhalation injury on admission, and femoral vein indwelling CVC and infusion of concentrated red blood cells during hospitalization between patients in the two groups (n t=-8.17, with n Z values of -5.04 and -10.83, respectively, n χ2 values of 21.83, 5.37, 7.75, and 4.52, respectively, n P<0.05 orn P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, total burn area, and D-dimer level were the independent risk factors for DVT of lower extremity in 3 861 adult burn patients (with odds ratios of 1.05, 1.02, and 1.14, respectively, 95% confidence intervals of 1.04-1.06, 1.00-1.03, and 1.10-1.20, respectively,n P<0.05 orn P<0.01). The AUCs of ROC of age, total burn area, and D-dimer level for predicting DVT of lower extremity in 3 861 adult burn patients were 0.74, 0.67, and 0.86, respectively (with 95% confidence intervals of 0.68-0.80, 0.60-0.74, and 0.83-0.89, respectively,n P values<0.01), the optimal threshold values were 50.5 years old, 10.5% total body surface area, and 1.845 mg/L, respectively, the sensitivity under the optimal threshold values were 71.4%, 70.1%, and 87.0%, respectively, and the specificity under the optimal threshold values were 66.8%, 67.2%, and 72.9%, respectively. The AUC quality and sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold value of D-dimer level were significantly better than those of age (n z=3.29, with n χ2 values of 284.91 and 34.25, respectively, n P<0.01) and total burn area (n z=4.98, with n χ2 values of 326.79 and 29.88, respectively, n P0.05).n Conclusions:D-dimer level is an independent risk factor for DVT of lower extremity in adult burn patients, its AUC quality and sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold value are better than those of age and total burn area, and it has good predictive value for DVT of lower extremity in adult burn patients.