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一、引言建筑是城市的主要载体,既为城乡居民提供生活、工作场所,也是能源消耗与温室气体排放的重点领域。所谓建筑能耗,是指建筑物内各种用能系统和设备的运行能耗,主要包括采暖、空调、照明、家用电器、办公设备、热水供应、炊事、电梯、通风等能耗。从能源消耗领域看,主要包括商业建筑、公共设施和居民住宅中各种用能设备的运行能耗。在发达国家,建筑能耗更多地被称为商用/民用能耗,一般占全国能耗总量的30%～40%。联合国环境规划署2009年12月11日发表的一份报告称,全球能源使用以及与此相关
I. INTRODUCTION Building is the main carrier of the city. It not only provides urban and rural residents with living and working places, but also is a key area of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The so-called building energy consumption refers to the energy consumption of various energy-using systems and equipment in buildings, including the energy consumption of heating, air conditioning, lighting, household appliances, office equipment, hot water supply, cooking, elevators and ventilation. From the perspective of energy consumption, mainly including commercial buildings, public facilities and residential energy consumption in a variety of energy-consuming equipment. In developed countries, building energy consumption is more commonly referred to as commercial / residential energy consumption, which generally accounts for 30% to 40% of the country’s total energy consumption. A report released by the United Nations Environment Program on December 11, 2009 said that global energy use and related